{"id":10542,"date":"2021-12-28T18:48:04","date_gmt":"2021-12-28T18:48:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/watchmannews.kinsta.cloud\/?p=10542"},"modified":"2022-04-19T05:49:48","modified_gmt":"2022-04-19T05:49:48","slug":"read-origin-of-our-western-heritage-book-chapter-1-the-apostles-where-did-they-go","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/watchman.news\/fr\/2021\/12\/read-origin-of-our-western-heritage-book-chapter-1-the-apostles-where-did-they-go\/","title":{"rendered":"Read “Origin of Our Western Heritage” Book Chapter 1 – The Apostles, Where did they go?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Forward<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Most Americans of Caucasian stock have little knowledge of their ancestry. At the most, they can go back no more than two or three generations.\u00a0 This lack of knowledge is partially responsible for the moral and spiritual decline of our civilization.\u00a0 In addition, the American people are largely unaware of the real reasons for the tremendous economic success and world influence the United States enjoys.\u00a0This article is intended to address these issues.\u00a0 A proper understanding of these truths will help every sound-minded American appreciate what God has really done for America.\u00a0 Above all, it should serve as an impetus, a wake-up call, so to speak, for the responsibility God gave our ancestors many years ago, and which we, as the descendants of those people, have failed to recognize or appreciate.\u00a0 May the thoughtful readers of this work profit from what they read, and come to recognize the individual responsibility they have in revitalizing their knowledge of and relationship with their God, who is the Ruler of the universe.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The reader should be aware of some facts regarding the various dates to which we refer in this work.\u00a0 Various authors cite dates that go back prodigious periods of time.\u00a0 As far as history is concerned dates much beyond 4000\u00a0BC\u00a0<\/strong>should be discounted as excessive.\u00a0 Various ages such as Old Stone Age, Copper Age, and New Stone Age represent cultures, not elongated periods of time.\u00a0 These terms were originally chosen in order to date various tools and implements that have been found in archaeological diggings.\u00a0 The fact is: Various tools and metals that make up certain cultures were used earlier in some regions than in others.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spellings of tribal names such as\u00a0Keltoi\u00a0<\/em>or Celt, Cimmerian,\u00a0Kimmerioi,\u00a0<\/em>or Cimmerii come from Greek and Roman pronunciations.\u00a0 The reader should not become confused by the interchangeable usage of these names, as they are different ways of spelling the names of the same people.\u00a0 Many strange-sounding tribal names do appear, but we have attempted to keep these at a minimum.\u00a0 Only a few of these names are important.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The reader who wishes to check the sources quoted or referenced in this work will find there has been no attempt to distinguish an author\u2019s remarks from his original source.\u00a0 In quoting or referring to various authors as the source material, we have not always distinguished the original source cited or to which he referred. The original source material can be checked out, though some of the reference works are difficult to find.\u00a0 Once again, the purpose of this work is to help the reader truly appreciate God and to establish a proper relationship with Him.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Origin of Our Western Heritage<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chapter One<\/h3>\n

The Apostles\u2014Where Did They Go?<\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It may seem rather unusual to begin a study of western heritage by introducing a question regarding the Apostles.\u00a0 The omission of the majority of the Apostles in the book of Acts, and where they are found later, provides an important key in the study of our heritage.\u00a0 Knowledgeable Bible students know that the patriarch Jacob had 12 sons.\u00a0 All the descendants of Jacob (whose name was changed to Israel) are known as Israelites.\u00a0 They were the progenitors of the 12 tribes of Israel.\u00a0 As far as Old Testament history is concerned, what is not generally understood is that after the time of King Solomon (1017\u2013978\u00a0BC),\u00a0the 12 tribes of Israel split into two nations.\u00a0 Three of the tribes remained loyal to Rehoboam, Solomon\u2019s son, while the others formed their own kingdom north of\u00a0<\/strong>Jerusalem and chose Jeroboam as their king.\u00a0 From that point of time the two nations were known as the kingdom of Judah and the kingdom of Israel.\u00a0 They were often at war with one another.\u00a0 After three successive invasions by the Assyrians, the kingdom of Israel was vanquished, and the people deported from their land.\u00a0 The fall of the northern kingdom took place around 721\u2013718\u00a0BC.\u00a0 At the same time, a large number of Jews were deported.\u00a0 These people never returned to Palestine and historically were lost from sight.\u00a0 Later, the kingdom of Judah was exiled to Babylon, but a number of Jews returned under Ezra and Nehemiah and formed their own nation once again.\u00a0 These are the people to whom Jesus preached.\u00a0 In the gospels they are repeatedly called Jews.\u00a0 What needs to be recognized is this: All Jews are Israelites, but not Israelites are Jews.\u00a0 In much the same way we would say all Californians are Americans, but not all Americans are Californians.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 During His ministry Jesus made some striking statements.\u00a0 On one occasion He told His disciples “. . . I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel” (Matt. 15:24).\u00a0 Certainly Jesus knew the difference between Jews and Israelites.\u00a0 He instructed His disciples, “But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel” (Matt. 10:6).\u00a0 His personal ministry was taken up with the Jews in the land of Judah, but a perplexing question arises with respect to the 12 Apostles.\u00a0 Why are the majority mentioned only briefly in the book of Acts when the book itself takes us through the year\u00a0AD\u00a061?\u00a0 The commission Jesus gave the Apostles included the Jews in Palestine, but could not have excluded millions of both Jews and Israelites scattered abroad.\u00a0 The book of Acts mentions the original Apostles, but after the first chapter only a few are mentioned again.\u00a0 What happened to these original Apostles? Perhaps the Jewish historian, Josephus, gives us a clue.\u00a0 Josephus said in his day there were only two tribes in subjection to the Romans, and that the ten tribes were located beyond the river Euphrates and could not be estimated as they were such an immense multitude\u00a0(Ant.,\u00a0<\/em>XI, v, 2).\u00a0 Clearly, Christ\u2019s instruction to His Apostles to go to the lost sheep of the house of Israel was much broader in scope than the environs of Palestine.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 We should discard the notion that the world was uncivilized during the early\u00a0AD\u00a0period.\u00a0 During the time of the Apostles, the Roman world was a secure place to dwell.\u00a0 It was under the protection of the Roman army.\u00a0 There was one government from Babylon to Calais, and there were roads leading everywhere.\u00a0 Some of these roads still exist today.\u00a0 They were without parallel until the invention of railroads.\u00a0 The Roman world included a vast amount of territory united by language and transportation. Travel was safe and frequent.\u00a0 On these military roads a Roman citizen could travel from Babylon to London with little inconvenience.\u00a0 Notice Paul\u2019s epistles, for example. \u00a0He knew people in Rome even though he had not yet visited there.\u00a0 The book of Acts relates that on the day of Pentecost people attended Jerusalem from all quarters, including the land of the Parthians and Medes.\u00a0 There was little travel restriction in that area of the world.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Communication in the Roman world made possible the rapid expansion of the gospel.\u00a0 All evidence indicates that a large portion of the early British people professed Christianity.\u00a0 A fact that is generally overlooked by modern historians (who maintain that Augustine was the first to preach the gospel in England) is that the early British Churches were destroyed by the Angles.\u00a0 Augustine was the first to “convert” the invading Angles to Christianity, after they had killed most of the British Christians (Haberman, 142).\u00a0 The history of the flourishing Celtic Church was buried under the waves of heathen Saxons and Danes, as well as Romish Norman influence.\u00a0 Not until the time of Henry II was this memory recalled (Lewis, 17).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The tradition of Europe repeatedly affirms that Britain was the first country to receive the gospel, the British Church being the most ancient.\u00a0 When Augustine came to convert the pagan Saxons, the British Churches refused to accept him.\u00a0 Their argument was that they could not depart from their ancient customs.\u00a0 The British historian Gildas (AD\u00a0516\u2013570) wrote that Christianity was introduced into Britain in\u00a0AD\u00a038, during the last year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar (Morgan.\u00a0 63\u201369).\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Not until the Council of Pisa\u00a0(AD\u00a01409) was the pre-eminence of the British Church challenged.\u00a0 The argument during the council was that the churches in France and Spain must yield precedent to the British Church because Joseph of Arimath\u00e6a founded it not long after the crucifixion of Christ.\u00a0 The Councils of Constance (1414), Sienna (1424), and Basle (1434) upheld this view.\u00a0 Since the British Church was founded more than 550 years before the time of Augustine, British pre-eminence was taken for granted until 1409.\u00a0 Even as early as the second century\u00a0AD, Tertullian wrote that the extremities of Spain, parts of Gaul, and the regions of Britain which had never been penetrated by Roman arms had received the religion of Christ. The church historian Eusebius (AD\u00a0265\u2013340) said, “The Apostles passed beyond the ocean to the isles called the Britannic Isles.” The venerable Bede (AD\u00a0670\u2013735) wrote, “The Britons preserved the faith which they had received, uncorrupted and entire, in peace and tranquility until the time of the Emperor Diocletian” (quoted in Williams, 19, 54\u201355; Bede,\u00a0History of the English Church and People,\u00a0<\/em>bk. 1, chap., 4).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cardinal Baronius, the distinguished Catholic scholar and curator of the Vatican library, wrote in his\u00a0Ecclesiastical Annuls\u00a0<\/em>that Joseph of Arimath\u00e6a, along with others, was exiled in\u00a0AD\u00a036.\u00a0 After preaching the gospel in Marseilles, he and his companions went to England (Jowett, 33).\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>William of Malmesbury wrote that Philip sent Joseph of Arimath\u00e6a and his companions to England from France, and that they landed in Glastonbury.\u00a0 This was the report of Freculphus, the French bishop of Lisieux, who was born around\u00a0AD\u00a0800 (Lewis, 146).\u00a0 The Talmud tells us that Joseph of Arimath\u00e6a was the younger brother of the father of the virgin Mary, that is, her uncle.\u00a0 Some conjecture that Joseph of Arimath\u00e6a was involved in the tin trade with Britain.\u00a0 Britain had been the main source of tin for many centuries (Williams, 17\u201318).\u00a0 Whatever the facts are, the account of Joseph of Arimath\u00e6a as founder of the church at Glastonbury was valuable in proving the claim that the British Church was established in Apostolic times, and as such, was less subject to control by Rome (MacDougall, 14).\u00a0 Joseph of Arimath\u00e6a was followed by Simon Zelotes, who was martyred; then by Aristobulus, the brother of Barnabas; and then by Paul himself (Morgan, 62, and Lewis, 26).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 So, all indications are that the belief Christianity was introduced into England by Augustine is false.\u00a0 This was why the disputes over the control of the British Church were settled in favor of the Britons.\u00a0 The same is true in Ireland.\u00a0 The independent people of Ireland denied that the Roman bishops had authority anywhere outside the Roman Empire.\u00a0 There are no extant facts to support the idea that St. Patrick visited or represented Rome.\u00a0 Nowhere in his writings does he refer to Rome.\u00a0 As late as\u00a0AD\u00a0634,\u00a0<\/em>the Churches in Ireland and northern England were independent of the churches on the continent that were\u00a0<\/em>subject to the bishoprics within the Roman Empire.\u00a0 In 634, the Britons and Scots said, “All the world errs; Rome and Jerusalem err;\u00a0<\/strong>only the Scotti and the Britons are right.” Not until Ireland was partly conquered by Henry II of England (AD\u00a01154\u20131189) was the Church forced to be subject to Rome (Kephart, 423, 429\u2013430).\u00a0 Its history was steeped in the Apostolic tradition.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Reports of the location of the original Apostles persist in tradition. So, that leads back to our original question: What happened to the 12 Apostles?<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 From the New Testament account, we see that after his betrayal of Christ, Judas committed suicide.\u00a0 James, the son of Zebedee and brother to John, was martyred around\u00a0AD\u00a044.\u00a0 These are the only recorded deaths of the original Apostles.\u00a0 Peter was slated for execution and while in prison was miraculously delivered by an angel.\u00a0 After being delivered we read,\u00a0“. . .\u00a0And he departed, and went into another place” (Acts 12:17).\u00a0 Josephus, who lived in the early second century, wrote that in his day there was a large Jewish colony in Babylon (Ant<\/em>., XV, ii, 2).\u00a0 This certainly explains why Peter\u2019s first epistle was written from Babylon (1 Pet. 5:13).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Scholars of the past have not hesitated to show where the original apostles traveled.\u00a0 Socrates Scholasticus in his\u00a0Ecclesiastical Historie,\u00a0<\/em>states that the Apostles sorted themselves to travel to certain nations\u00a0(Bible Research Handbook,\u00a0<\/em>serial 52d).\u00a0 Eusebius went so far as to say that the apostles divided the inhabited world into zones (McBirnie, 43).\u00a0 He also says that the Apostles passed beyond the ocean to the isles called the Britannic Isles.\u00a0 Andrew is traditionally linked to Scotland and is said to\u00a0<\/strong>have preached there.\u00a0 He remains the patron saint of Scotland to this day (Williams, 13).\u00a0 In addition Andrew has been identified in Scythia, near the Black Sea, as well as in Greece or Macedonia, and Asia Minor.\u00a0 Another tradition places him in the foothills of the Caucacus Mountains where he preached to the Scythians, even as far as the Caspian Sea (McBirnie, 80\u201384).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Williams mentions a comment by William Cave.\u00a0 According to Cave, Simon Zelotes preached the gospel in Egypt, Cyrene, Africa, Mauritania, and Libya.\u00a0\u00a0 He then went to Britain and was crucified and buried there (Williams, 13).\u00a0 There is one tradition that is uncertain, which places the tomb of Simon the Zealot in the Cimmerian Bosphorus.\u00a0 Several early writers, however, attest to his visit to Britain, but there is some doubt that he was martyred there (McBirnie, 211\u2013212).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Regarding Matthew, tradition holds that he visited and preached in a number of countries.\u00a0 lrenaeus said that Matthew preached to the Hebrews, which is probably a reference to the Jews in Palestine, as well as the Jews of the Diaspora.\u00a0 Clement of Alexandria said Matthew went to the Ethiopians, that is, the Asiatic Ethiopians located south of the Caspian Sea where the kingdom of Parthia was located.\u00a0 He also went to the Greeks of Macedonia, the Syrians, and the Persians (McBirnie, 174\u2013177).\u00a0 The Greek historian Metaphrastes attested to the same (Williams, 13).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 We have already seen that Peter wrote his first epistle from Babylon.\u00a0 Metaphrastes wrote that Peter not only traveled in the western parts of the Mediterranean, but spent a long time in Britain where he converted many nations to the faith (Williams, 11).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 James, the son of Alph\u00e6us, is reputed to have been in Spain as well as Britain and was regarded as the first bishop of the Syrian churches (Williams, 13).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thomas is credited with establishing the first church in Babylon.\u00a0 He then went to Parthia and India.\u00a0 He is said to have arrived in India no later than\u00a0AD\u00a049.\u00a0 It is reported that he was accompanied by Judas (McBirnie, 146\u2013147).\u00a0 Judas is called Thadd\u00e6us in the gospels.\u00a0 Thadd\u00e6us has traditionally been linked to Assyria and Mesopotamia (Williams, 13).\u00a0 Also, he is associated with four other Apostles who visited Armenia. These are Bartholomew, Simon the Zealot, Andrew, and Matthias.\u00a0 Thadd\u00e6us also preached in Syria, Arabia, and Persia (McBirnie, 198\u2013199, 207).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bartholomew is said to have worked among the Parthians and the Phrygians of Asia Minor.\u00a0 He visited the Armenians, remaining there 16 years, and traveled into Arabia, southern Persia, and to the borders of\u2019 India (McBirnie, 130\u2013131).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Earlier, it was mentioned that Philip was associated with Gaul.\u00a0 Bede assigns him there (Lewis, 113).\u00a0 Philip traveled to other places however.\u00a0 He spent 20 years in Scythia.\u00a0 Later, he preached at Hierapolis in Phrygia and is reported to have died there.\u00a0 Those familiar with ancient migrations know that a portion of the Gauls migrated to Galatia, so it would not be unreasonable that Philip would preach among them as well (McBirnie, 123\u2013127).\u00a0 Luke, who was not an Apostle, is said to have taught in Gaul and to have made frequent trips to Britain (Jowett, 172).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Polycarp, a disciple\u00a0<\/em>of the Apostle John,\u00a0<\/em>reported that the elderly John died peaceably at Ephesus around\u00a0AD\u00a0100.\u00a0 John had been exiled to the isle of Patmos where he wrote the book of Revelation. Later, the\u00a0Emperor Nerva revoked the honors of Domitian and permitted all who had been unjustly expelled to return to their homes and have their goods restored.\u00a0 Augustine wrote that John had also preached to the Parthians, which was the territory we now know as eastern Turkey (McBirnie, 109\u2013115).\u00a0 There is also a tradition that John, at some time, preached in Gaul (Williams, 13).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paul\u2019s commission included preaching to the Gentiles, to kings, and to the children of Israel (Acts 9:15).\u00a0 Paul tells us in the book of Romans that he intended to go into Spain (Rom. 15:24).\u00a0 The\u00a0Epistle of Clement\u00a0<\/em>and the\u00a0Muratori Fragment\u00a0<\/em>both state that Paul visited Spain (McBirnie, 280\u2013281).\u00a0 But Paul did not limit his journey to Spain.\u00a0 Theodoret, bishop of Cyprus, wrote, “Paul liberated from his first captivity at Rome, preached the gospel to the Britons and others in the West.\u00a0 Our fishermen and publicans not only persuaded the Romans and their tributaries to acknowledge the Crucified and His laws, but the Britons also and the Cymry.”\u00a0 Clement of Rome wrote that Paul went to the utmost bounds of the West.\u00a0 Iren\u00e6us, Tertullian, Origen, Mello, Eusebuis, and Athanasius all confirm that Paul preached in Britain.\u00a0 In his\u00a0History of the Apostles,\u00a0<\/em>Capellus wrote, “I scarcely know of one author, from the times of the Fathers downwards, who does not maintain that St. Paul, after his liberation, preached in every country in Western Europe, Britain included” (Williams, 44).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In the Turkish archives at Constantinople is a copy of the Acts of the Apostles which contains 29 chapters.\u00a0 While this 29th<\/sup>\u00a0chapter is, no doubt, spurious, it does lend supporting evidence as to the location of some of the lost ten tribes.\u00a0 In the 29th<\/sup>\u00a0chapter we read: “And Paul, full of the blessings of Christ, and abounding in the spirit, departed out of Rome, determining to go into Spain; for he had a long time purposed to journey thitherwards, and he was minded to go from thence into Britain.\u00a0 For he had heard in Phoenicia that certain of the children of Israel, about the time of the Assyrian captivity, had escaped by sea to the \u2018isles afar off\u2019 as spoken by the prophet, and called by the Roman\u2019s [sic] Britain.\u00a0 And the Lord has commanded the gospel to be preached far hence to the Gentiles, and to the lost sheep of the House of Israel.\u00a0. .”\u00a0(Haberman, 141).\u00a0 Tradition tells us Paul was martyred in Rome.\u00a0 Bede, in his\u00a0Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation,\u00a0<\/em>said that in\u00a0AD\u00a0665 Pope Vitalian sent the relics of Peter and Paul to Oswy, King of Britain.\u00a0 The report of this final resting place has been avoided by the Catholic Church (Williams, 11\u201312).<\/p>\n

\nGo to Chapter 2<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Forward \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Most Americans of Caucasian stock have little knowledge of their ancestry. At the most, they can go back no more than two or three generations.\u00a0 This lack of knowledge is partially responsible for the moral and spiritual decline of our civilization.\u00a0 In addition, the American people are largely unaware of the real reasons […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"seo_booster_metabox":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2266,64,3113,3110,3112,1537,1469,2866,2960,3268,1892,2242,2834,743,3061,3269,3111,1095,2919,3262,3263,1904],"class_list":["post-10542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-anglo-celtic","tag-anglo-israel","tag-apostles-went-to-britain","tag-british-israel-book","tag-british-israel-history-book","tag-british-israelism","tag-celtic-orthodox-church","tag-celtic-orthodox-church-books","tag-celto-saxon-israel","tag-correct-replacement-theology","tag-fighting-communism","tag-first-century-british-saints","tag-first-century-church-britain","tag-hebrew-first-century-culdee","tag-heritage-anglo-israel-church","tag-israel-is-the-church","tag-origin-of-our-western-heritage","tag-orthodox-church-of-the-culdees","tag-read-celtic-british-israel-book-online","tag-replacement-theology","tag-scriptures-replacement-theology","tag-true-christian-defense-league"],"yoast_head":"\nRead "Origin of Our Western Heritage" Book Chapter 1 - The Apostles, Where did they go? - Watchman News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Celtic Orthodox British Israel book "Origin of Our Western Heritage". 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