{"id":10544,"date":"2021-12-28T18:52:34","date_gmt":"2021-12-28T18:52:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/watchmannews.kinsta.cloud\/?p=10544"},"modified":"2022-04-19T05:49:47","modified_gmt":"2022-04-19T05:49:47","slug":"read-origin-of-our-western-heritage-british-israel-book-chapter-2-colonization-in-the-ancient-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/watchman.news\/fr\/2021\/12\/read-origin-of-our-western-heritage-british-israel-book-chapter-2-colonization-in-the-ancient-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Read “Origin of Our Western Heritage” British Israel book Chapter 2 Colonization in the Ancient World"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chapter Two<\/strong><\/p>\n

Colonization in the Ancient World<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Regarding the establishment of nations, two factors need to be understood.\u00a0 One is that there have been changes in the location of the races in different places, at different times, in the history of the world.\u00a0The second factor is that the people who now inhabit the various regions of the earth are not generally the original people.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 What should be realized is there have been vast changes that have brought about the establishment of various civilizations.\u00a0 As we shall see in a later chapter, climatic and weather conditions have certainly been factors.\u00a0 The problem with the modern approach to understanding the great racial migrations of the past is that scholars look at slow-working social changes.\u00a0 The idea that cataclysms produced either by humans or geographical means were responsible for the sudden changes of the past, has been replaced by the idea of slow-moving causes we see about us today.\u00a0 These are causes which act as a constant yet imperceptible force just as profound as the sudden changes of the past (Ripley, 237).\u00a0 A look at Old Stone Age remains indicates that climatic changes and physical conditions made areas of the earth uninhabitable, which could not be permanently settled (Minns, 131).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 As far as trade and travel are concerned, the influence of weather changes has been phenomenal.\u00a0 There was continual sea traffic between Scandinavia and Ireland from around 1200 to 1000\u00a0BC, which indicates a long period of favorable weather.\u00a0 The weather was dry and storms were infrequent.\u00a0 This resulted in a high civilization during what is called the Bronze Age.\u00a0 However, near the end of the pre-Christian era, the weather changed.\u00a0 There were heavy rains, and in northern Europe excessive cold.\u00a0There were centuries of great storminess.\u00a0 In France, peat bogs formed on a large scale.\u00a0 Civilization began to recede, and movements of tribes such as the Cimbri and Teutons began to take place.\u00a0 In the Mediterranean region a great pattern of dry weather and drought brought devastation from about\u00a0AD\u00a0150 to 750.\u00a0 The effect was the opposite in Europe.\u00a0 It led to the golden age of the Irish, while the Mediterranean region suffered from intermittent dry weather until the twelfth century.\u00a0 A shift took place in civilization.\u00a0 The result was that French and German cities successively became part of the Roman Empire.\u00a0 By the time the Dark Ages came to a close, the rainfall increased and a cycle of wet and cold returned.\u00a0 It reached its peak in about\u00a0AD\u00a01350.\u00a0 Ice floes and pestilence swept away the civilization in Iceland and the outposts\u00a0<\/strong>in Greenland.\u00a0 What should be clear is that the rise and fall of civilizations have been conditioned by prolonged climatic factors.\u00a0 In northern Europe, for example, the dry warm weather pattern was beneficial to civilization as the forests retreated and the soil could be farmed.\u00a0 On the other hand, in the Mediterranean, the hot centuries led to famine and cultural regression.\u00a0 The fact that Europe took the lead with respect to civilization was due largely to the weather (Weyl and Possony, 70\u201375).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prolonged rainfall and moisture did affect the history of Europe.\u00a0 There was a golden age of plenty in the south, while wet spells led to disaster in the north.\u00a0 In the fifth century\u00a0BC, when the Greeks reached the pinnacle of civilization, the impact in central and northern Europe was just the opposite.\u00a0 The level of Lake Constance, for example, rose more than 30 feet and the villages there were abandoned.\u00a0The cold and rain during this period led to catastrophic results on populations that had been drifting toward a sedentary civilization (Weyl and Possony, 69).\u00a0 For a long period of time settlements in Greenland carried out a\u00a0<\/strong>thriving trade with Norway.\u00a0 Then permanent frost and cold came, which still remains to this day.\u00a0 These settlements were abandoned and completely forgotten, disappearing from history until the discovery of America by Columbus (Menzel, 273).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 For some unknown reason the climate of the earth became colder around the end of the Bronze Age.\u00a0 Ships traveling west by the northern route found sailing hazardous.\u00a0 Not until the climate warmed again did the Viking period begin (Fell, 1982, 33\u201334).\u00a0 Changes in vegetation indicate there were three successive periods of climatic change on the northern coast of Europe (Taylor, 62).\u00a0 A North Sea flood drove out a torrent of wandering hordes, from the Danube to the Styrian Alps in Austria, looking for land (Menzel, 68).\u00a0 The indications are that climatic conditions in Greenland were better in the tenth century than they are today.\u00a0 Apples ripened in a good year, and birds and fish were plentiful (N. Davies, 224).\u00a0The lowering water level in Sweden increased the inhabitable area that favored the establishment of the Svionic power.\u00a0 Farming increased, as did smelting and working bog iron.\u00a0 The result was military superiority for Svionic expansion (Sch\u00fctte 2:406\u2013409).\u00a0 Climatic changes are believed to be responsible for the location of the summer ranges of herring shoals.\u00a0 They were located just off the coast of Greenland during the Viking period, but during the cold medieval period were located in the North Sea (Fell, 1974, 2).\u00a0 Reasons other than cold led to the abandonment of the Viking Colony in Vinland (believed to be along the northern coast of the United States).\u00a0 There were no firearms at this time and Indian attacks in force made the colony too difficult to hold,\u00a0 as the cost was too great (N. Davies, 231).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The sinking of land is another factor that must be considered in the movements of people.\u00a0 The geography of England, for example, has been greatly altered due to land sinking and coast erosion.\u00a0 The beach on which Julius Caesar landed no longer exists.\u00a0 Ancient settlements along the coast have sunk below the English Channel.\u00a0 Roman and even older remains located below Tilbury Docks\u00a0 have sunk 80 feet (MacKenzie, 70\u201371).\u00a0 In the East Indian Archipelagos there are indications that many of the islands were connected at one time, and that earlier migrations took place over land bridges into new regions (Haddon, 33).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The oldest seat of civilization was the Middle East, Mesopotamia, Persia, and Asia Minor (Ripley, 442\u2013443).\u00a0 Lower Mesopotamia gave rise to such cities as Sumer, Akkad, Shinar, and Babylon.\u00a0 The great Celtic migration westward into Europe was the result of an invasion of a Nordic stock, known as Sumerians, who took possession of eastern Turkestan.\u00a0 The Celts vacated territory that was filled by these Sumerian people who crossed Iran and then settled in Mesopotamia (Compare Gen.11:2).\u00a0 The people of Elam, Assyria, Babylonia, and southern Anatolia (Turkey) were all Sumerians from Turkestan (Kephart, 116\u2013117, 167, 144).\u00a0 Somewhere around 2300\u00a0BC\u00a0the Celto-Slavic migration from Central Asia reached Europe, by way of Iran, the Caucasus, and the Danube valley (Kephart, 182).\u00a0 Farming began to spread from the Middle East at an early date.\u00a0 While exhaustion of the soil and overpopulation were factors, climatic changes should not he excluded.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 One of the principal areas of expansion was by way of the upper and middle Danube and Rhine Rivers along with their tributaries (Chadwick, 19\u201320).\u00a0 Nordics entering Eastern Europe soon pressed the Slavs northward.\u00a0 Climatic conditions, as well as geography, were largely responsible for the retardation, until relatively late, of the migration of races into northern Europe from Central Asia by way of the Caspian Sea (Kephart, 182).\u00a0 Writers, both ancient and modern, say a great period of unrest took place from 1700\u20131400\u00a0BC\u00a0when a gradual drying of Central Asia took place (Fasken, 260).\u00a0 As far as Asia itself is concerned, a Chinese movement forced the Mongols northward, who in turn forced the Eskimos into the far north.\u00a0 These movements were also the reason the northern American Indians immigrated into North America (Kephart, 114).\u00a0 Also, we should consider an Aryan invasion into India, which split the Negro population there into two groups.\u00a0 One moved eastward and settled in the South Pacific Islands, the other westward into central Africa.\u00a0 Africa was not settled from the north, but from the east, south of the lighter-skinned people of North Africa (ibid, 168).\u00a0 This Aryan invasion into India is believed to have taken place some time prior to 1000\u00a0BC\u00a0(McGovern, 34).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The continents were covered with marshes and great forests following the Flood.\u00a0 As a result the ocean was the earliest highway.\u00a0 The first settlements were established as a result of travel along the shorelines (Haberman, 79).\u00a0 In the earliest times Europe was connected with waterways so that goods were shipped from the Baltic to Egypt by way of Italy.\u00a0 A route has been described which went from the Baltic into Italy via the Brenner Pass.\u00a0 Scandinavian merchants were penetrating deep into Russia as early as 1000\u00a0BC.\u00a0 As a result of this trade, a high degree\u00a0of culture\u00a0developed in Scandinavia (Olson, 57\u201358).\u00a0The Danube River was the principal route of penetration into Europe by eastern peoples.\u00a0Agriculture slowly developed in Europe north of the Alps due to influences from Susa, Mesopotamia, and Egypt.\u00a0 Cultural advance in Switzerland was in a large measure imported from the East (Kephart, 179\u2013180).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gusten Olson refers to the\u00a0Universal History.\u00a0<\/em>According to him it states the first Scandinavians migrated into Scandinavia from where Noah\u2019s ark landed (Olson, 10).\u00a0 These people of Nordic stock appeared along the coasts of the Baltic at the close of the Old Stone Age.\u00a0 Madison Grant says the Nordics originated in the forests and plains of eastern Germany, Poland, and Russia (Grant, 152\u2013153).\u00a0These blond hunters settled in Denmark, southern Sweden, Norway, and Britain.\u00a0 (The reader should be aware that the various ages [Old Stone Age, New Stone Age, etc.] all fall within the historical period, and none should be regarded as extending beyond 4000\u00a0BC).\u00a0 As we shall see in the next chapter, terms such as Old Stone Age, New Stone Age, Bronze Age, etc., should be taken for what they are worth\u2014simply descriptions of varying cultures, not chronological eras of time.\u00a0 Long before the New Stone Age, the Baltic and Iberian people reached Britain over what is believed to be a land bridge, that is now marked by the Dogger Bank.\u00a0 Those who came from the region of the Baltic came in boats.\u00a0 Large tracts of land, the remnants of the North Sea land bridge, have been submerged since about 3000\u00a0BC, the result of erosion and land sinking.\u00a0 Pliny, who served in the Roman army, wrote that in the first century\u00a0AD\u00a0there were 23 islands between Texel Island, off the coast of Holland, and the Eider River in Schleswig-Holstein.\u00a0 Seven of these islands are now gone.\u00a0 Clement Reid notes we are not dealing with vast amounts of time, but within the same time period as the Egyptian, Babylonian, and Minoan civilizations (MacKenzie, 69\u201370).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 What is clear is this: The races living in Europe since the New Stone Age were preceded by several races from the Old\u00a0Stone Age, races which occupied wide stretches of Europe (G\u00fcnther, 111).\u00a0\u00a0Nordic peoples drove\u00a0out these original inhabitants.\u00a0 The Gothic annals claim that the “Gotha” were first led into Scandinavia 62 years after the Tower of Babel under King Eric, who was a contemporary of Saruch (Serug), the great-grandfather of\u00a0Abraham.\u00a0 Suhm\u2019s\u00a0History of Denmark,\u00a0<\/em>page 65,\u00a0<\/em>states:\u00a0“And the\u00a0Gothic kingdom [Dania or Scythia] was founded 762 years after the flood, when Sarugh [ancestor of Abraham] was 95 years old.” In the\u00a0History of Denmark,\u00a0<\/em>page 39, section five, we read: “both Denmark and Sweden with surrounding areas were, according to the old chronicles, inhabited from Abraham\u2019s time and started to have kings when David reigned in Israel” (quoted in Olson, 10).\u00a0 Based on a medieval tradition, the people of Trier (Germany) claim that their city is the oldest in Europe, founded by the son of the legendary Assyrian king, Ninus.\u00a0 An old house in Trier has an inscription which reads: “Trier already stood 1,300 years before Rome” (Bihl, 69).\u00a0 One cuneiform inscription states that commercial relations between the Assyrians and northern Europe took place at an early date (Olson, 58\u201359).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Egyptian and Babylonian colonies in southwest Europe directly influenced the culture of Britain. The earliest traders settled in Britain when the Pharaohs were ruling in Egypt, and both Babylonian and Egyptian cultures found in Spain were trading with Britain. (MacKenzie, 218, 229). The earliest inhabitants of Britain, which have been traced by means of religious monuments, as well as language, came from Akkad, the southern province of Babylonia.\u00a0 Long before the Greeks and Romans spread over Europe, these inhabitants in Britain were the first Aryans (Haberman, 7\u20138).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The belief of Geoffrey of Monmouth was that the first colonization of Britain came from Troy, and was led by Brutus, the son of Aeneas.\u00a0 This account is found in the Welsh chronicles and it is believed to have occurred at the time Eli was judge over Israel (Turner, 63\u201364, fn).\u00a0 Raymond Capt tells us that the descendants of Darda (the Dara of I Chron. 2:6) ruled Troy for several hundred years.\u00a0 But after the destruction of Troy, Aeneas, the last descendant of the royal line of Zerah, settled in Italy and by marriage to the daughter of Latinus, king of the Latins, established the beginning of the Roman Empire.\u00a0Brutus, the grandson of Aeneas, took a large party of Trojans to “The Great White Island,” the early name for Britain due to the white chalk cliffs.\u00a0 Brutus founded the city of “New Troy,” which the Romans called Londinium, now called London (Capt, 65\u201366).\u00a0 An even earlier tradition comes from a work called the Psalter of Cashel that states Nin MacPeil first came to Ireland.\u00a0 This is a reference to none other than Belus or Nimrod, the world\u2019s first despot who ruled over the whole of western Asia and possibly Europe (Keating, 113, fn).\u00a0 The fact that the people of Britain had early contacts with the Greeks is seen by a large number of Welsh names, which are very similar to Greek.\u00a0 These ancient “Greeks,” or Danai, are believed to be the descendants of the Israelite tribe of Dan (Stoker, 5).\u00a0\u00a0 All the evidence indicates that tin has been continuously mined in Cornwall from the Bronze Age until now (Fell, 1983, 52).<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Early Sumerians, Dravidians (from India), and Ph\u0153nicians possessed large, well-built, well-rigged ships that were far more sea-worthy than those during the time of Columbus.\u00a0 Sumerian tablets reveal that their kings took voyages to the “Land beyond the Western Sea.” They had established colonies and erected monuments there (Verrill, 105).\u00a0 It is not known for certain where the “Land beyond the Western Sea” was located although both Britain and America have been postulated.\u00a0 There were boats in the Mediterranean at a very early date.\u00a0 Egyptians were the earliest in advanced shipbuilding, constructing boats fitted with masts and sails.\u00a0 They had the longest unbroken tradition of sailing and ship building in antiquity, possessing a dazzling array of ships.\u00a0 It would not have been difficult to cross the Atlantic in these boats (Jairazbhoy, 13).\u00a0 As early as 700\u00a0BC\u00a0Phoenician vessels were capable of traveling the high seas, and oceanic voyages are believed to have started in the sixth century\u00a0BC\u00a0(N. Davies, 118, 150).\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>So, the popular notion that ships during the time of Columbus were an advancement over earlier ships should be discarded.\u00a0 Even before the time of Christ, the major inventions used for navigation were in use, inventions that made European shipping dominant during the Renaissance. These inventions had been lost during the Dark Ages.\u00a0 Latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates were employed by the Chinese as early as 100\u00a0BC.\u00a0 The astrolabe (a device used to determine latitude) was invented by the ancient Greeks but did not arrive in Europe until the fifteenth\u00a0 century.\u00a0 Trade vessels used in the Indian Ocean were massive.\u00a0For example, one was used to transport an elephant to the emperor of China.\u00a0 Some of these vessels weighed up to 70 tons (Van Sertima, 55,\u00a0<\/em>61).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stone monuments erected in various areas around the world trace the extensive movement of peoples in ancient times.\u00a0 These monuments, called dolmens, began in Syria, then went into North Africa, on into Spain, and up into Western Europe\u00a0(Bible Research Handbook,\u00a0<\/em>serial 60c).\u00a0 Massive stones are found all along a vast seacoast, which includes the Mediterranean coast of Africa, and the Atlantic coast of Europe.\u00a0 Megalith means “big stone.” Sea routes were the natural way by which the people who built these structures traveled\u2014a race of people that was spread far and wide.\u00a0 It is not at all improbable that great migrations brought these megalithic monuments from Sweden to India and vice versa.\u00a0 History is full of such migrations (MacKenzie, 91\u201392).\u00a0 The primary use of the dolmen was that of a burial chamber which served as a collective grave, and was used repeatedly.\u00a0 The origin, as we have just seen, was in the eastern Mediterranean and then spread throughout the New Stone Age settlements in the west as a result of trade.\u00a0 They are placed in the second and third centuries\u00a0BC\u00a0<\/strong>(Karp, “Who Raised the Megaliths?”) The reader should be aware that Karp’s dates may be excessively long.) The Bible has numerous references to stone heaps or monuments.\u00a0 The reader should be aware of Jeremiah\u2019s instruction to scattered Israel, “Set thee up waymarks, make thee high heaps. . .” (Jer. 31:21).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It is well-known that the Ph\u0153nicians had extensive colonies.\u00a0 They occupied Spain.\u00a0 When Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, pursued them, he became the king of Spain.\u00a0 The Ph\u0153nicians had established trade with the “islands of tin.” Most authorities believe that the “islands of tin” refer to some of the British islands, as Aristotle mentions Celtic tin.\u00a0 The Ph\u0153nicians went to great lengths to conceal their trade in tin, even stranding their ships if followed.\u00a0 These losses were indemnified out of the public treasury (Turner, 51\u201352).\u00a0 Around 1000\u00a0BC\u00a0the Egyptians established a settlement in Java.\u00a0 Around 600\u00a0BC\u00a0the Greeks founded Marseilles.\u00a0 Cadiz, in Spain, was founded around 1100\u00a0BC.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>During the reigns of the Roman emperors Claudius and Nero, Roman ships were sailing to Ceylon and Roman currency flooded the East (Fell, 1974, 140\u2013144).\u00a0 Ancient Phoenician records show that thousands of years before the Christian era, voyages were taking place around Africa to India and across the China Sea.\u00a0So, it should not be difficult to assume that voyages across the Atlantic could have occurred just as easily (Verrill, 9).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Because of calms on the ocean, it could often take a Spanish caravel of the fifteenth century longer to make the trip from Africa to America than the simplest African boat.\u00a0 It is a mistake to equate seaworthiness with size.\u00a0 The fact is: The larger the boat, the more likely it is to be broken up in heavy winds.\u00a0 The notion that small boats could not traverse the ocean is a fallacy (Van Sertima, 63\u201364).\u00a0There are many examples of Japanese junks drifting helplessly for months.\u00a0 Between 1783 and 1883, there were 42 examples of such wrecks.\u00a0 These junks were carried to American shores by the Japanese trade current.\u00a0 During the nineteenth\u00a0and twentieth\u00a0centuries, 60 Japanese junks were carried off into the Pacific.\u00a0 Six of these reached the American shoreline between Alaska and the Columbia River.\u00a0 Another six were found along the Mexican coast.\u00a0 There are many modern examples of tiny craft crossing the oceans (N. Davies, 194, 71).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 At a very early date it was known that the earth was a globe.\u00a0 Eratosthenes, the Greek astronomer and geographer, calculated the circumference to be 28,000 miles.\u00a0 Three hundred years later, Ptolemy attempted to correct what he thought was Eratosthenes\u2019 overestimation, but his calculations were too small.\u00a0 As a result Columbus, who used Ptolemy\u2019s figures, expected to encounter land much earlier than he did (Fell, 1974, 8).\u00a0 Aristotle said in 340\u00a0BC: “Beyond the Pillars of Hercules [straits of Gibraltar] is the ocean which flows around the earth.\u00a0 In it are two very large islands, called Britannic [Britain and Ireland]” (quoted in Rutherford, 23, fn).\u00a0 The Spanish philosopher Seneca, tutor of the emperor Nero said, “Spain will soon be linked with the Indies across the Atlantic Ocean” (quoted in Fell, 1983, 138).<\/sub><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Diodorus Siculus gave an account of a Carthaginian settlement in what appears to be either Cuba or South America.\u00a0 According to this account the Ph\u0153nicians were driven by a violent wind out into the Atlantic Ocean far beyond the Pillars of Hercules.\u00a0 After many days of sailing west, they discovered an enormous island that was fertile and had navigable rivers.\u00a0 Both the Carthaginians and Tyrrhenians of Italy soon knew of this discovery. \u00a0A settlement was established there, but the official policies of Carthage forced disbandment and no further development (Fell, 1983, 72\u201373).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Plutarch refers to a manuscript he found in the ruins of Carthage.\u00a0 It gave sailing directions for a voyage across the Atlantic by way of Iceland.\u00a0 Weather at that time was advantageous for sailing, and this northern route was much more useful than the route later taken by Columbus.\u00a0 Plutarch described Greeks who had settled among the barbarians in the Western Epeiros (the continent that rims the western ocean).\u00a0 These settlements were on the same latitude as the Caspian Sea, which would place them in the vicinity of New England, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia (Fell, 1983, 48\u201349, 64, 70\u201372, 88).\u00a0 Sailing in the northern latitudes was not all that uncommon during this period.\u00a0 Thule, which is often mentioned by classical writers, is believed to be the oldest Scandinavian country.\u00a0 Pytheas, an ancient navigator, said Thule was the coast of Norway and was as far north as the 65th parallel (Olson, 54).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It has become apparent is that there is mounting evidence of ancient contact between the continents.\u00a0 Carvings and sculptures of elephants have been found in America, which precludes the idea they were brought here by the Spaniards.\u00a0 Inscriptions of the archaic Sumerian Linear Script, which could not have been faked, have been deciphered here (Verrill, 16).\u00a0 Professional opinion is far from united regarding the various theories on American origins.\u00a0 The crucial question, however, is no longer from where the first migrants to the New World came, but whether there were voyagers before Columbus who joined them later.\u00a0 Where proof is not absolute, the data is open to interpretation.\u00a0 The fact is:\u00a0 Nothing is ever proved to everyone\u2019s satisfaction regardless of how clear-cut the evidence may be (N. Davies, 16\u201319).\u00a0 There is a long-standing tradition among those who believe in trans-Atlantic immigration, that the Indians came from the East.\u00a0 American Indians, if not indigenous to the Americas, came here from the Old World long before traditional or monumental records were established.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In 1930, a French commandant published a thesis that demonstrated the ethnic names of certain Berber groups were the same as those of American Indian tribes, and that these names are found only among the Berber tribes and nowhere else in the world.\u00a0 The commandant, Jules Cauvet, examined 77 similar tribes on both sides of the Atlantic, and found that 46 of the names appeared to come from Africa, the others from Europe or Asia.\u00a0 Ethnic names are important because they are the last linguistic element to disappear even after the original language is abandoned, forgotten, or absorbed.\u00a0 Two anthropologists have demonstrated that certain peoples living in the Sahara possess American Indian traits.\u00a0 They have similar names and naming methods, and tribal groups are designated by the same titles, the only difference being the prefix or suffix.\u00a0 The women in these particular tribes could easily be mistaken for American Indians (Van Sertima, 252\u2013254).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In the early days of our Republic, our forefathers were men of learning, men that had studied Latin and Roman history.\u00a0 It was commonly believed at the time that ships had crossed the Atlantic and left behind many mementos, such as ancient coins.\u00a0 The Columbus mystique gained in popularity and children were taught that people believed the world was flat until 1492.\u00a0 As a result, these ancient coins were dismissed and all new finds ignored (Fell, 1983, 27).\u00a0 What is interesting is that these coins are found at sites near navigable rivers, or along the coast, or in the neighborhood of natural harbors (ibid, 64).\u00a0 Not until after 1860 did the dogma take hold that the Indians migrated from Asia across the Bering Strait, and that no visitors came from Europe or Africa before the time of Columbus.\u00a0 As late as 1940 the Norse were not even considered to have come to Vinland (ibid, 15).\u00a0 Bancroft is a case in point.\u00a0 His work published in 1883 is completely out-of-date when he states that there was no appearance of the Northmen in America before the tenth century.\u00a0 Yet, he admits that it is probable that communication did take place earlier (Bancroft, 5:134).\u00a0 The Verrills point out that man came to the New World by varying routes\u2014some by the Bering Strait, some across the Pacific, some across the Atlantic.\u00a0 An intermingling of these people led to the American Indian (Verrill, 11).\u00a0 There is now incontrovertible proof that the Norse site at “L\u2019Anse aux Meadows” in Newfoundland demonstrates settlements here and the Viking presence before the time of Columbus (Van Sertima, 77).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In May of 1773, Thomas Bullitt met with the Chalahgawtha sept of the Shawnee Indians.\u00a0 His purpose was to negotiate peace on behalf of Lord Dunmore, the white father of Virginia.\u00a0 Bullitt asked Chief Black Fish, the Shawnee chief, for settlements south of the Ohio River in the country know as Can-tuc-kee.\u00a0 Black Fish told Bullitt:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Shawnees cannot tell you that you are allowed to settle in the Can-tuc-kee lands.\u00a0 We have never owned that land.\u00a0 It belongs to the ghosts of the murdered Azgens\u2014a white people from the eastern sea.\u00a0 Their bones and ghosts own and occupy every hill and valley of the country.\u00a0 They protect the game there and have more and better right there than any of the Indian tribes, including our own Shawnee nation, because they do not need or use material food themselves and do not like it.\u00a0 Long ago our fathers and our grandfathers killed off the Azgens, but we now fear more the spirits of these people than our fathers and grandfathers feared them when they were flesh.\u00a0 When our food is all gone and our squaws and children starving, we appeal to the ghosts of the white mothers who were killed there, and by saying the right words, we are allowed to kill an elk or deer or bear or buffalo.\u00a0 But, we are never allowed to kill the game wantonly and we are forbidden to settle in the country of Can-tuc-kee.\u00a0 If we did, these ghosts would not rise from their caves and mounds and slay us, but they would set father against son and son against father and neighbor against neighbor and make them kill one another (Eckert, 70\u201374).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In a footnote Eckert postulates that these Azgens may have been the remnants of Sir Walter Raleigh\u2019s lost colony of Roanoke, which disappeared without a trace in 1587.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 When the United States was being settled, some unique experiences occurred in various places.\u00a0In 1660, the Tuscarora Indians captured a Welsh clergyman by the name of Morgan Jones.\u00a0 He later related that his life was saved because he spoke Welsh and some of the Indians understood it.\u00a0 He spent four months with them preaching in the Welsh language.\u00a0 In early colonial times the Tuscaroras were called “White Indians.”\u00a0 European contact with American Indians at an early date is clearly seen in the paintings of George Catlin, who lived 30 years among the Mandan Indians.\u00a0 Catlin concluded these Indians were of Welsh origin due to the fairness of their skin, the color of their eyes, and the manner of building their huts in Druidical circles, their domestic habits, and their religion (Spencer, 14).\u00a0 Celts appear to have been in America at an early date.\u00a0 In 1801, a Lieutenant Roberts met an Indian chief at Washington who spoke fluent Welsh, as though he had been raised in Wales.\u00a0 The chief said it was the language of the Asguaws, a tribe located 800 miles north of Philadephia.\u00a0 The chief knew nothing of Wales, but said his people had a tradition that their ancestors had come to America from a distant country far to the east, which lay over great waters.\u00a0 A Captain Davies related that when he was at a trading post among the Illinois Indians, he was surprised to find several Welshman in his company who could converse readily in Welsh with the Indians.\u00a0 Lord Monboddo, a Scotchman, wrote in the seventeenth century that the Celtic language was spoken by many tribes in Florida (Bancroft, 5: 118\u2013120, 122).\u00a0 There is a postulation that these Indians were the Maiatai, the painted Indians or Picti of the Romans, who were brought to America from the British Isles for the purpose of establishing trade.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 One more interesting account comes from Brazil.\u00a0 In 1827, a farmer discovered a flat stone in one of his fields.\u00a0 It was engraved in Greek writing.\u00a0 The inscription read:\u00a0 “During the dominion of Alexander, the son of Philip, King of Macedon, in the sixty-third Olympiad, Ptolemaios.”\u00a0 Beneath the stone were two ancient swords, a helmet, and shield.\u00a0 On one of the sword handles was a portrait of Alexander, and on the helmet a design representing Achilles dragging the corpse of Hector around the walls of Troy (Bancroft, 5:123).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ethnologists note the Asian similarity of American Indian tribes and regard them as a branch of the Mongol race, but as Haddon points out, it is quite feasible to postulate migrations from Europe as well (Haddon, 77).\u00a0 An early Indian culture that flourished in the Great Lakes region shows many signs of Old World influence.\u00a0 Metalworking began in North America earlier than any other place in the New World, and a copper culture in Minnesota and Wisconsin contains artifacts that go back to about 4000\u00a0BC\u00a0(N. Davies, 73). The reader should keep in mind that this date is about 2000 years too early.\u00a0 In the history of mining technology, a baffling mystery remains yet unanswered.\u00a0 Around the northern shore of Lake Superior and the adjacent Ile Royale there are about 5,000 ancient copper workings.\u00a0 Radiocarbon dating places them from 2000 to 1000\u00a0BC.\u00a0 This corresponds with the Bronze Age in northern Europe.\u00a0Conservative estimates place the ore removal at 250,000 tons during that period of time.\u00a0 It is not known where the copper was taken.\u00a0 No copper artifacts have been found in America and the assumption is the ore was shipped overseas (Fell, 1982, 261).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In 1696, the Spaniards made an expedition to an area south of Yucatan.\u00a0 There they found books written with characters that resembled both Hebrew and Chinese (Goetz and Morley, 10).\u00a0 Hebrew shekels have been found in Kentucky and Arkansas dating from the time of the Jewish revolt in\u00a0AD\u00a0132.\u00a0 Christian relics from the early\u00a0AD\u00a0period are found widespread in America.\u00a0 A version of the Ten Commandments is engraved on a rock near Albuquerque, New Mexico, and according to the majority opinion, it is an inscription in the north Canaanite script and old Hebrew language.\u00a0 Another inscription that is similar was found on a stone tablet recovered from a burial mound in Newark, Ohio (Fell, 1983, 190, 167).\u00a0 Near Kanab, Utah, obsidian disks or coins contain symbols that are of the same type as Hittite glyphs.\u00a0 These belong to the archaic so-called Sumerian script employed in Egypt in the pre-dynastic and early dynastic periods (Verrill, 94).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In 1200\u00a0BC\u00a0the Olmec civilization in the Gulf of Mexico came on the scene.\u00a0 With it came the massive organization of labor, a trade network, ceremonial centers with pyramids, colossal sculpture, relief carving, wall painting, orientation of structures, gods and religious symbolism, an obsession with the underworld, representatives of foreign types, hieroglyphic writings and scribes, seals and rings, and the use of iron.\u00a0 According to Jairazbhoy this same culture is found in Peru and is Egyptian in nature. What is implied is that by these massive monuments and ceremonial centers, the Egyptians introduced slavery on a grand scale into the New World.\u00a0 In fact, the Olmec priesthood was highly developed and their pantheon of gods is of Egyptian origin (Jairazbhoy, 87, 30, 9).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 During the Olmec period three types of racial stock were found in Mexico\u2014Mongoloid, Negroid, and Semitic.\u00a0 A Chinese facial appearance is seen in sculptures, and there is much evidence to indicate that the Shang people were established in Mexico.\u00a0 The Negroid presence can be explained by the fact that the Egyptians commonly held Negroes as slaves and mercenaries.\u00a0 Huge sculptured Negroid heads found there may have been military governors in this Egyptian colony (Jairazbhoy, 147, 100\u2013102, 112, 18\u201319).\u00a0 Urns found in Aztec ruins indicate a close connection with Chinese civilization (Kephart, 111).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 There is proof that the pre-Incan civilization found in Peru was ready-made and fully developed by Sumerian explorers and colonists around 2500\u20132000\u00a0BC.\u00a0 The idea that ancient men were afraid to navigate the oceans because they thought the earth was flat is nonsense.\u00a0 The Sumerians had pottery spheres that represented the earth, marked with the equator, tropics, and the parallels of latitude (Verrill, 294\u2013295).\u00a0 It is possible that the Mayas, Aztecs, and Peruvians were offshoots of an advanced culture that had been established in the coastal areas of South America.\u00a0 Cultural sites found in South America predate the oldest human remains found in Alaska (ibid, 11).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Various Indian tribes have differing traditions of their origin.\u00a0 The Indians in Chile say their ancestors came from the west.\u00a0 In North America, the Chippewas relate that their ancestors crossed an area where ice and snow continually existed.\u00a0 The Algonquins have a tradition that they were of foreign origin and that a sea voyage took place.\u00a0 The Olmec tradition is that they came from the east (Bancroft, 5:22).\u00a0 Bancroft believes the most logical explanation regarding the New World is that inhabitants from eastern Asia peopled it.\u00a0 Many authors, for example, believe the Tatars peopled the northwestern part of America (Bancroft, 5:30, 54).\u00a0 This does not take into account traditions that place the origin of many tribes in the east, and it does not explain why so many of the American Plains Indians have such “European\u2019 facial features and little like those of Asian peoples (Karp, 212).\u00a0 Also, the theory that all the American Indians crossed the Bering Strait does not explain why they did not or could not bring food plants and livestock with them (Verrill, 9).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 What should be obvious in all this, is that American Indians were the result of many migrations to America, and that these migrations were made up of both mixed and unmixed Asian peoples (Kephart, 103).\u00a0 Of most importance for the purpose of this chapter is the fact that widespread travel and colonization was frequent all over the world at an early date.\u00a0 Mass migrations, both voluntary and forced, were more common than what is generally thought.<\/p>\n

Go to Chapter<\/a> 3 or go to Chapter 1<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chapter Two Colonization in the Ancient World \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Regarding the establishment of nations, two factors need to be understood.\u00a0 One is that there have been changes in the location of the races in different places, at different times, in the history of the world.\u00a0The second factor is that the people who now inhabit the various […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"seo_booster_metabox":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2265,2843,3119,3110,1537,2960,3117,3268,3118,3115,3269,2192,3116,1468,3262,3263,3114],"class_list":["post-10544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-anglo-celtic-church","tag-anglo-israelism","tag-british-colonization","tag-british-israel-book","tag-british-israelism","tag-celto-saxon-israel","tag-colonization-in-the-ancient-world","tag-correct-replacement-theology","tag-cuacasian-colonization-practice","tag-first-century-celtic-church","tag-israel-is-the-church","tag-orthodox-anglican","tag-orthodox-book","tag-orthodox-celtic-church","tag-replacement-theology","tag-scriptures-replacement-theology","tag-true-israel-tribes-study"],"yoast_head":"\nRead "Origin of Our Western Heritage" British Israel book Chapter 2 Colonization in the Ancient World - Watchman News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Celto-Saxon British Israel book. 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