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Arthritis is stealing years from American workers. Not the final years — the prime ones. New data show this isn’t a condition confined to old age or occasional discomfort. Arthritis is characterized by joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion, and as it progresses, it steadily erodes physical confidence and independence. When joints lose strength and stability, routine movement becomes a daily challenge rather than an afterthought.

Arthritis interferes with how people move through their day, how they commute, and how reliably they meet the physical demands of work. Tasks that once felt automatic — standing for long periods, climbing stairs, lifting objects — begin to feel difficult. Over time, those limitations accumulate and alter how long people remain active in the workforce and how fully they participate in everyday life.

What makes this trend especially troubling is its trajectory. Despite years of public health efforts aimed at reducing arthritis-related limitations, the burden has actually grown — rising from 36% to nearly 44% over the past two decades. We’re losing ground.

Disability linked to arthritis continues to affect working-age adults at high rates. Why has arthritis-related disability remained so resistant to change, and which factors most strongly determine who loses mobility and work capacity? The answers emerge by looking closely at national data and the patterns hidden inside it.

Arthritis Is a Major Driver of Work Disability in Adults

Research published in Arthritis Care & Research analyzed data from the 2019 and 2023 National Health Interview Survey to measure arthritis-attributable activity limitations among U.S. adults.1 The study evaluated people who reported a doctor diagnosis of arthritis and then asked whether joint symptoms limited their activities or ability to work.

• Nearly 1 in 2 adults with arthritis now struggles with basic daily movement — Arthritis-related limitations have become the norm rather than the exception. About 24.8 million adults reported difficulty performing routine activities because of their joints, a level of impairment that affects nearly half of everyone living with the condition.

These limitations show up in ordinary moments — moving through a workspace, navigating stairs, or remaining on your feet long enough to finish a task — turning arthritis into a daily functional barrier rather than an occasional source of pain.

• Arthritis limits the ability to work for 40% of working-age adults — For adults still in the workforce, arthritis often reaches far beyond physical discomfort. Survey responses reveal that a large share of people between 18 and 64 experience job-related consequences tied directly to joint problems, totaling close to 10 million individuals nationwide.2

Consider what this means practically: In a room of 10 working adults with arthritis, four are struggling to do their jobs — not because they lack motivation or skill, but because their bodies are failing them during the years they most need to earn.

When arthritis interferes during prime working years, it undermines earning power, increases job insecurity, and shortens the window of financial independence long before retirement becomes relevant.

• Problems with walking and stairs were central to disability risk — Among respondents, 68% of people with difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or moving confidently reported greater work limitations. Once joints stop supporting basic movement, work capacity drops fast.

This helps explain why desk accommodations alone rarely solve the problem. Adults over 65 were excluded from work analyses, yet researchers noted that many Americans now work past traditional retirement age. This suggests the true burden is larger than reported.

• Disability risk rose sharply with coexisting chronic diseases — People with arthritis who also reported heart disease, stroke, cancer, anxiety, or depression faced a much higher risk of work limitation. By contrast, only 23% of those who rated their health as “excellent” reported arthritis-related work problems. This shows that arthritis stacks damage on top of existing health strain rather than acting in isolation.

Conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and obesity share a common denominator: chronic metabolic inflammation. Elevated blood sugar damages collagen. Insulin resistance impairs tissue repair. Systemic inflammation keeps joints in a perpetual state of breakdown. This explains why strategies targeting metabolic health — not just joint symptoms — offer the most leverage.

• Certain groups carried a heavier burden — Hispanic adults, veterans, and individuals without a college education reported higher rates of work limitations. Researchers noted that these patterns likely reflect more physically demanding jobs, past injuries, or long-term strain. For readers in trades or manual labor, this highlights why arthritis hits earlier and harder.

By documenting persistent disability across years and populations, the research shows that arthritis remains a leading driver of lost productivity and quality of life. These numbers tell a story of accumulated loss — lost mobility, lost income, lost independence.

But they also reveal something important: arthritis-related disability isn’t random. It follows predictable patterns, which means it can be interrupted. The question isn’t whether joint damage can be slowed or reversed — research shows it can. The question is whether you’re addressing the right targets.

Arthritis-Related Limitations Were Already Rising Long Before the Latest Data

A U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report based on National Health Interview Survey data from 2013 to 2015 documented a clear rise in arthritis-attributable activity limitations, even though the overall number of Americans diagnosed with arthritis had remained relatively stable since 2002.3

At the time, more than 54 million adults reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis, and nearly half said joint pain, stiffness, and damage interfered with everyday activities. The share of people reporting limitations rose from 36% in 2002 to 43.5% by 2013 to 2015, an increase of about 20% over roughly 15 years. This older dataset matters because it shows the disability trend was already moving in the wrong direction long before the most recent survey years captured in newer studies.

• The type of limitations measured mirror what current studies still report — Survey questions centered on ordinary tasks such as lifting grocery bags, walking a few blocks, getting out of bed, or picking items up from the floor.

An Arthritis Foundation survey conducted during the same period found that 56% of respondents struggled to pick up objects and 47% had difficulty getting in and out of bed. These are the same functional losses now seen in more recent national analyses, reinforcing that the problem has persisted rather than resolved.

• Emotional strain accompanied physical decline, compounding disability — Functional loss doesn’t stay physical. When your joints can’t carry you to social gatherings, when standing through a dinner party feels impossible, isolation follows.

The CDC found that 60% of people with arthritis-related limitations felt left out of activities they once enjoyed. Half reported feeling hopeless. This emotional toll isn’t separate from the physical decline — it accelerates it. Depression reduces movement, reduced movement worsens joints, and the cycle tightens.

• Disparities identified then still shape today’s burden — CDC officials noted that African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic multiracial adults reported arthritis-related limitations more often than white adults. These differences were linked to variations in job demands, access to care, and rates of other chronic diseases. The persistence of these disparities helps contextualize why newer studies continue to show uneven impacts across populations.

Even in the 2013 to 2015 data, nearly two-thirds of adults with arthritis were overweight or obese, and many also had heart disease or diabetes. Among respondents, 49% of those with heart disease, 47% with diabetes, and 30% with obesity reported arthritis-related limitations. This pattern clarifies that arthritis-related disability has long clustered with other chronic conditions, setting the stage for the high rates still observed today.

• Working-age adults already made up the majority of cases — The CDC report challenged the idea that arthritis is primarily a disease of older adults. Nearly 60% of people with arthritis were under age 65. These working-age adults also showed lower employment rates than those without arthritis, indicating that functional limitations were already interfering with work years before the most recent surveys.

• Movement-based strategies were identified early but widely underused — The CDC emphasized physical activity as a key modifier of disability, citing evidence that regular movement reduces arthritis pain and improves function by nearly 40%. Yet even then, few people met activity recommendations, and about one-third reported almost no movement at all.

Disease-management programs showed additional reductions in pain, fatigue, and depression of 10% to 20%, but only about 1 in 10 people participated. The persistence of these gaps helps explain why more recent studies still show high levels of arthritis-related disability rather than meaningful improvement.

6 Ways to Stop Joint Destruction and Rebuild from Within

If joint pain is dictating how you move through your day, pretending it isn’t there won’t slow the damage. Arthritis doesn’t just happen — it progresses when inflammation runs unchecked, tissue repair grinds to a halt, and your cells lose the energy they need to heal.

The answer isn’t masking symptoms with painkillers. It’s identifying what’s driving the destruction in the first place, preserving the tissue you still have, and giving your body what it needs to rebuild. If you recognize yourself in these statistics — or fear you’re heading there — here’s what the research suggests you focus on.

1. Eliminate seed oils — the hidden engine of joint inflammation — If you’re still cooking with vegetable oils, your joints are under constant inflammatory assault. Soybean, canola, corn, safflower, and sunflower oils are packed with linoleic acid (LA), a polyunsaturated fat that triggers oxidative damage deep inside your joint tissue.

When you consume excess LA, it gets incorporated into your cell membranes. There, it’s highly vulnerable to oxidation — think of it like leaving butter out to go rancid. This oxidation produces inflammatory compounds that directly damage cartilage cells and keep your immune system on high alert.

Getting these oils out of your kitchen is one of the most powerful changes you can make. Switch to grass fed butter, ghee, or tallow. Once your LA intake drops, you’re finally giving your joints a chance to recover from that relentless inflammatory pressure.

2. Protect your cartilage with vitamin K2 — Cartilage breakdown is slow erosion, not sudden collapse. Two forces drive it: inflammation that kills cartilage cells faster than they can regenerate, and calcium that deposits in soft tissue where it stiffens and degrades the joint. Vitamin K2 addresses both. It shields your cartilage cells from destruction and keeps calcium out of your joints, where it accelerates stiffness and degeneration.

The best food sources are grass fed egg yolks, aged cheeses, and fermented foods like natto or homemade sauerkraut. If you want additional support, 180 to 200 mcg of the MK-7 form daily offers excellent absorption and reinforces joint integrity over time.

3. Make real bone broth a daily staple — If your joints feel unstable, weak, or easily aggravated, they’re starving for raw materials. Homemade bone broth delivers exactly what they need — collagen, glycine, glucosamine, and chondroitin.

These are the building blocks your body uses to repair cartilage and connective tissue while dialing down inflammation. Use grass fed, organic bones and don’t skip the cartilage-rich parts like chicken feet. Sip it throughout the day so your joints receive steady nourishment rather than a quick hit that fades.

4. Reduce the mechanical load on your joints — Joint pain isn’t purely biochemical — it’s mechanical. Mechanical stress and biochemical inflammation aren’t separate problems — they amplify each other. Excess weight increases joint loading, which accelerates cartilage breakdown. Damaged cartilage releases inflammatory debris, which sensitizes pain receptors and weakens surrounding tissue, making even normal loads feel excessive. Addressing both simultaneously breaks this cycle.

Every extra pound you carry translates to roughly four pounds of additional force across your knees. That pressure compounds with every single step. Even modest weight loss takes immediate stress off damaged joints. Cutting out vegetable oils, walking daily within your tolerance, and getting morning sunlight all support your metabolism naturally — no extreme dieting required.

5. Restore mitochondrial function to tame autoimmune flares — When arthritis flares feel aggressive or unpredictable, something deeper has gone wrong. Your immune system has lost its ability to regulate itself at the cellular level. Healthy mitochondria are essential here — they help activate your body’s natural inflammation off-switch.

Your mitochondria do more than produce energy — they also signal your immune cells when to stand down. When mitochondria function well, they produce metabolites that activate regulatory T cells, the immune system’s peacekeepers. When mitochondrial function falters, this signaling breaks down, and inflammatory immune responses run unchecked.

You can support mitochondrial health by eating healthy carbohydrates like fiber-rich whole fruit. Beneficial gut bacteria ferment fiber into short-chain fatty acids, particularly butyrate. Butyrate serves as a preferred fuel source for mitochondria in your gut lining and immune cells. Well-fueled mitochondria produce the signals that tell your immune system to resolve inflammation rather than perpetuate it.

Daily movement, regular sun exposure, and — again — eliminating vegetable oils are fundamentals to help your immune cells find their balance again. Research also shows that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) improves joint flexibility in rheumatoid arthritis by 20 to 30 degrees in some cases, without relapse.4

6. Build strength without stressing damaged joints — Traditional strength training often feels impossible when your joints are inflamed or unstable. Blood flow restriction training, including KAATSU, changes that equation entirely.

By using specialized bands to partially restrict venous blood flow, you can trigger significant muscle growth and strength gains using remarkably light weights. For someone with arthritis, this might mean doing arm curls with 3-pound weights instead of 15-pound weights while achieving similar muscle-building stimulus.

This means you can rebuild the muscle that supports and stabilizes your joints without grinding them down further. For people with arthritis, this approach offers something rare: a way to get stronger and more mobile while actually protecting vulnerable tissue. It’s one of the most underutilized tools for restoring confidence in a body that feels like it’s working against you.

FAQs About Arthritis and Work Limitations

Q: Why does arthritis interfere with work for so many adults?
A: Arthritis limits work because it directly affects mobility, strength, and endurance. When joints hurt, stiffen, or lose range of motion, everyday job requirements such as standing, walking, lifting, climbing stairs, or even sitting for long periods become difficult. National data show that nearly 40% of working-age adults with arthritis report work limitations, making it a leading driver of reduced productivity and early workforce exit.

Q: Is arthritis mainly a problem for older adults?
A: No. While arthritis risk increases with age, most adults with doctor-diagnosed arthritis are under 65. These working-age adults often face the greatest disruption because joint limitations collide with job demands, commuting, and family responsibilities. Arthritis-related disability frequently begins years before retirement.

Q: Why has arthritis-related disability remained so high over time?
A: Disability rates remain high because arthritis rarely travels alone. It clusters with obesity, diabetes, heart disease, anxiety, and depression — conditions that share underlying drivers like chronic inflammation and impaired cellular metabolism.

Each condition worsens the others. Targeting symptoms in isolation misses the interconnected nature of the problem. Public health efforts have focused heavily on symptom management rather than addressing the metabolic and inflammatory drivers that accelerate joint damage.

Q: What factors most strongly predict severe arthritis-related limitations?
A: Difficulty with basic movement is the strongest predictor. Problems with walking, climbing stairs, or maintaining balance sharply increase the risk of both activity and work limitations. Poor overall health and the presence of other chronic diseases further raise the likelihood of disability, while people reporting excellent health experience far fewer limitations.

Q: What steps help slow joint damage and restore function?
A: The most effective strategies target root causes. Eliminating vegetable oils lowers chronic inflammation. Vitamin K2 helps protect cartilage and prevent calcium buildup in joints. Bone broth supplies raw materials for tissue repair. Reducing excess body weight lowers mechanical joint stress.
Supporting mitochondrial health through proper nutrition, movement, sunlight, and targeted therapies helps regulate immune-driven inflammation. Strength-building approaches that minimize joint strain, such as blood flow restriction training, also support long-term mobility and confidence.

If you’ve switched to diet soda or sugar-free snacks to protect your health, a year-long study suggests that choice is quietly straining your heart and starving your brain of fuel — even at doses far below what regulators consider safe. Aspartame is one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners, long promoted as a way to reduce sugar intake while keeping foods and drinks sweet.

For decades, it was assumed to pass through your body without effect. New research suggests otherwise — and the changes it causes may take years to surface. Research published in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy examined long-term, low-dose aspartame intake designed to reflect realistic consumption patterns.1 Some outcomes looked favorable at first. But as the study continued, less obvious physiological changes began to surface.

These shifts didn’t appear right away and would have been missed by short studies or simple lab tests. Only detailed imaging and functional assessments revealed them. That slow, cumulative pattern helps explain why aspartame has maintained a reputation for safety while questions about its long-term effects remain unsettled.

Artificial sweeteners are still framed primarily as weight-management tools. This research redirects attention toward how long-term exposure influences the systems that regulate energy use and organ function. Understanding that shift requires a closer look at what the study measured and why those findings matter for your heart and brain over time.

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Long-Term Aspartame Exposure Strains Your Heart and Alters Brain Function

To capture what short-term studies miss, researchers followed mice for a full year — the rodent equivalent of decades in human life — using aspartame doses that mirror typical human consumption. Rather than using high doses, they gave the animals an amount comparable to about one-sixth of the maximum daily limit allowed for humans, roughly 7 milligrams per kilogram per day.

The goal was to determine how chronic, intermittent exposure affects major organs, especially the heart and brain, at “normal” intake levels. Researchers used 1-year-old mice, roughly equivalent to middle-aged humans, instead of young or developing animals often used in lab studies. The mice ate standard chow and received aspartame in drinking water only three days every two weeks, mimicking real-life patterns where intake fluctuates.

• Weight loss occurred, but it came with clear trade-offs — Mice exposed to aspartame lost about 10% of their body weight over the year, driven largely by a 10% to 20% reduction in body fat. Food intake dropped by roughly 10%, explaining part of the weight loss. On paper, this looks like exactly what diet products promise. But beneath the surface, that weight loss came at a cost no scale could measure.

• Body temperature and energy balance shifted in a way that signals stress — Aspartame-treated mice ran about 0.5 degrees Celsius cooler than controls throughout the study which equals roughly a 0.9-degree Fahrenheit drop in body temperature. Lower body temperature in mammals reflects reduced metabolic output, meaning the body is producing less usable energy.

While caloric restriction research sometimes associates lower body temperature with longevity, this drop occurred alongside organ strain and impaired function — suggesting the body was conserving energy because it couldn’t produce enough, not because it was operating more efficiently.

• Heart structure changed over time — Advanced cardiac MRI revealed mild but measurable heart muscle thickening, known as cardiac hypertrophy, after long-term exposure. The right ventricle showed increased end-systolic volume, meaning more blood remained in the heart after each beat. Think of your heart as a pump. Hypertrophy means the muscle walls are thickening, like a pump working too hard to push water through a clogged pipe.

Over time, this strains the system. And when more blood remains in your heart after each beat (increased end-systolic volume), it’s like a pump that can’t fully empty, reducing efficiency with every cycle. Cardiac output dropped by about 20% to 26%, indicating weaker pumping efficiency. These changes only appeared after many months, which explains why shorter studies miss them.

• Fibrosis and inflammation appeared at the tissue level — When researchers examined heart tissue directly, they found a roughly 1.5-fold increase in fibrotic tissue, meaning stiff scar-like material replacing healthy muscle. Small inflammatory cell clusters also appeared more often in aspartame-treated hearts.

Fibrosis reduces flexibility and efficiency over time, which matters because it sets the stage for long-term cardiac dysfunction. Fibrosis is irreversible — once healthy heart muscle is replaced by stiff, fibrous tissue, it can’t contract properly. This is the same process that underlies many forms of heart failure.

• Brain function followed a troubling pattern — At first, the brain appeared to compensate — glucose uptake actually doubled, as if cells were working overtime to maintain normal function. But this surge couldn’t last. With continued exposure, uptake fell below normal levels, and the brain began to struggle.

The initial spike in glucose uptake may represent the brain’s attempt to compensate for metabolic disruption — working harder to maintain normal function. Over time, this compensatory mechanism appears to fail, leading to the steep decline observed later. By later months, aspartame-treated mice showed about 1.5 times lower glucose uptake than controls. This means brain cells struggled to access fuel over time, which affects focus, memory, and coordination.

• Lactate buildup revealed a brain under stress — Brain scans also showed lactate levels rising up to 2.5 times higher after eight months. Lactate accumulation signals stressed energy systems, similar to what happens when cells rely on inefficient backup pathways. When brain cells can’t efficiently burn glucose, they switch to a backup energy pathway that produces lactate as a byproduct, similar to the burn you feel in muscles during intense exercise.

Chronically elevated lactate in your brain suggests cells are struggling to meet their energy demands. This shift indicates the brain was compensating for impaired fuel handling rather than functioning smoothly. In maze-based memory tests, aspartame-treated mice moved more slowly, covered less distance, and took longer to find targets.

Several animals failed to complete tasks that control mice finished reliably. These results align with disrupted brain energy use rather than motivation or muscle weakness alone. The dose used sat far below regulatory limits, yet still altered heart structure, brain energy use, and behavior.

How to Remove the Metabolic Stress Damaging Your Heart and Brain

These findings raise an uncomfortable question: if aspartame doses well below safety limits caused measurable organ changes in mice over a year, what might decades of diet soda consumption be doing to your heart and brain? The good news is that metabolic stress is often reversible when you remove the cause and restore proper fuel.

If you’ve been reaching for diet drinks believing they were the healthier option, you’re not alone — and you’re not to blame. The marketing around artificial sweeteners has been relentless. What matters now is what you do with this information.

The fastest way to reverse the damage described so far is to remove the metabolic stressor and restore real cellular fuel. This is about removing synthetic signals that confuse your biology and replacing them with real signals your heart, brain, and gut recognize and process properly. The steps below focus on causes, not symptoms.

1. Cut out aspartame and other artificial sweeteners completely — If you’re still drinking diet soda, using sugar-free flavored waters, chewing gum, or taking certain chewable vitamins, those are daily sources of aspartame. Many ultraprocessed foods also contain artificial sweeteners that don’t appear obvious at first glance. Reading labels closely matters because these compounds often hide under alternative names.

Watch for these names on labels: acesulfame potassium (Ace-K), sucralose, saccharin, neotame, and advantame. Also check medications, toothpaste, and mouthwash. Removing artificial sweeteners stops the chronic signal that drove heart strain and brain energy disruption in the study.

2. Replace fake sweetness with real, metabolically supportive sweetness — When artificial sweeteners disappear, your body still expects carbohydrate fuel. Raw honey or small amounts of maple syrup provide natural sugars that your body recognizes and uses for fuel.

If you want to step away from sweeteners altogether, whole fruit does the job while supplying fiber, minerals, and glucose your brain actually uses. This shift supports stable brain energy use rather than the erratic glucose handling seen with long-term aspartame exposure.

3. Remove inflammatory fats that amplify insulin resistance and vascular stress — Inflammation links aspartame exposure with insulin resistance and vascular disease. Cutting artificial sweeteners is only the first step. Vegetable oils remain the largest ongoing dietary driver of inflammation because they’re high in linoleic acid (LA), a polyunsaturated fat. Excess LA fuels oxidative stress and worsens insulin resistance.

Avoiding ultraprocessed foods and cooking at home with tallow, grass fed butter, or ghee lowers this burden and reduces the metabolic pressure that damages blood vessels and your heart over time. Aspartame and vegetable oils both contribute to the same underlying problem: chronic metabolic stress that damages your heart and brain.
Removing aspartame addresses one source, but if inflammatory fats remain high, you’re only solving part of the equation. When artificial sweeteners leave, inflammatory fats disappear, and real fuel returns, your heart and brain regain metabolic stability instead of operating under chronic stress.

4. Rebuild your gut microbiome so fuel reaches your cells properly — Artificial sweeteners disrupt gut bacteria, which affects how nutrients reach your heart and brain. A study in Nature found that artificial sweeteners, including aspartame, alter gut bacteria in ways that actually promote glucose intolerance — the very condition they’re marketed to prevent.2 This creates a vicious cycle where the “solution” worsens the problem.

To heal your gut, eliminate vegetable oils and ultraprocessed foods and consume enough healthy carbohydrates. Start with whole fruits and white rice, then move on to well-cooked vegetables, and cooked starches that your digestion tolerates. Fermented foods such as sauerkraut, kefir, and kimchi supply natural probiotics. Collagen-rich bone broth supports the gut lining. Fiber from fruits feeds beneficial bacteria once your gut microbiome stabilizes.

5. Provide enough healthy carbohydrates to restore cellular energy — Most adults function best with roughly 250 grams of carbohydrates daily, and active individuals often need more. Your brain depends on glucose, and long-term restriction lowers energy and worsens reductive stress.

Reductive stress occurs when cells have too few oxidizing agents to properly process fuel, essentially jamming the energy-production machinery. In terms of carbohydrates, fruit and white rice come first. Starches enter last. This approach directly supports mitochondrial energy production that declined with chronic aspartame intake.

FAQs About Aspartame’s Effects on Your Brain and Heart

Q: Why does long-term aspartame use matter more than short-term intake?
A: Short studies often look reassuring because early changes are subtle. The research discussed here followed exposure over many months and showed that deeper shifts in heart structure, brain energy use, and metabolism emerge slowly. This explains why aspartame often appears harmless in short trials while causing cumulative stress over time.

Q: If aspartame led to weight and fat loss, why is that a problem?
A: The weight loss came with clear trade-offs. Despite losing body fat, animals showed reduced metabolic function, heart muscle changes, and impaired brain fuel use. This means the body was conserving energy and straining vital organs rather than becoming healthier.

Q: How does aspartame affect brain function specifically?
A: Long-term intake disrupted how the brain uses glucose, its main fuel source. Brain energy use increased early, then dropped below normal levels with continued exposure. This shift was linked to slower movement, poorer memory, and higher lactate levels, all signs of stressed brain metabolism.

Q: What is the connection between aspartame, insulin resistance, and heart disease?
A: Aspartame contributes to chronic metabolic stress and inflammation, which are central drivers of insulin resistance and vascular damage. When combined with other inflammatory factors in the diet, this stress increases strain on your heart and blood vessels over time.

Q: What’s the most effective way to reduce the risks linked to aspartame?
A: Start by removing artificial sweeteners entirely — this stops the ongoing stress. Then restore real fuel: adequate carbohydrates from fruit, rice, and honey. Finally, eliminate vegetable oils, which amplify the inflammatory damage. Think of it as turning off the alarm, refueling the engine, and draining the contaminated oil. This approach reduces metabolic stress, supports brain energy needs, and lowers the burden on your heart, allowing normal function to stabilize again.

Long ago, before refrigeration was invented, early humans preserved their food in different ways. One of the most common methods is drying meat, fruit, and vegetables under the sun. Pickling, curing, and fermenting were also used, depending on a particular culture’s practices. All the same, the goal was to prevent their food supply from spoiling so that they didn’t have to consume them immediately.1

As industrialization expanded and the need for immediate access to food grew, companies began experimenting with chemicals to extend shelf life of their products. Examples include the use of nitrites, sodium benzoate, and sulfites.2 Over time, more preservatives were added to the food supply, prolonging the shelf life of processed goods so they can be shipped to consumers all over the world.

However, this gradual expansion of chemical additives has far-reaching consequences. Today, there are at least 950 substances in the American food supply that are actually banned in Europe due to their possible health effects, CBS News reports. And the worst part is that these ingredients are not required to be listed on product labels.3

As awareness of the impact of ultraprocessed foods on human health rises, so does the scrutiny of the ingredients used in their manufacturing. Research has linked them to rising rates in chronic disease,4 and a new study noted that the very preservatives Big Food uses to extend shelf life of their products is causing cancer.5

Higher Preservative Intake Tracks with Higher Cancer Rates

A study published in The BMJ examined how everyday exposure to food preservatives influences cancer risk. Researchers analyzed long-term dietary data from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort, a large prospective study designed to follow people over time and observe how diet links to disease development.6

The team focused on preservative additives as a category, then broke them down into specific chemical groups and individual compounds. The reason for following this angle was simple: No study had completely focused on preservatives as a root cause for disease, despite their prevalence in the food supply.

• Key findings of the study — Participants came from the general adult population, which included both men and women with diverse dietary patterns and health backgrounds. Over a follow-up period that averaged 7.57 years, the researchers recorded new cancer diagnoses and compared them against levels of preservative intake.
The findings were clear — people who consumed more preservatives had higher rates of overall cancer and breast cancer. This association remained after accounting for factors such as age, body weight, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, and overall diet quality.
• The study separated preservatives into antioxidant and non-antioxidant categories — Non-antioxidant preservatives showed the clearest signal. Higher intake of this group tracked with higher overall cancer risk and higher breast cancer risk. Within that category, sorbates and sulfites stood out.
Potassium sorbate, a compound commonly used to prevent mold growth in packaged foods, and potassium metabisulfite, often used in processed foods and beverages, each showed positive associations with cancer incidence.
• The link between sodium nitrite and prostate cancer — Sodium nitrite often appears in processed meats to preserve color and prevent bacterial growth. Men with higher intake showed higher prostate cancer incidence compared to those with lower exposure.
• The results followed a dose-response pattern — As preservative intake increased, cancer risk increased alongside it. In practical terms, this means every packaged snack, every preserved deli meat, every shelf-stable convenience food adds another brick to a wall of cumulative risk.
• The paper also compared preservative effects with broader food patterns — Preservatives often appear in ultraprocessed foods, yet the authors adjusted for overall ultraprocessed food consumption. Even after doing so, preservative intake retained its association with cancer outcomes. This comparison tells you that preservatives themselves deserve closer studying, not only the general category of processed foods.
The study also explored the mechanisms to clarify these associations. One aspect involves nitrosation chemistry. Nitrites and nitrates convert in the body to form N-nitroso compounds, which are carcinogenic.7
• Another mechanism is oxidative stress and inflammation — Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between damaging molecules and the body’s ability to neutralize them. Considering this, the paper cited experimental evidence showing that some preservatives trigger inflammatory signaling and oxidative injury in cells. Chronic inflammation creates an environment where damaged cells survive and multiply, a known contributor to cancer development.
• Concerns about microbiome disruption were also raised — Preservatives often serve antimicrobial roles by design. Inside the gut, this antimicrobial action alters bacterial populations and weakens the gut barrier. When the gut microbiome loses its integrity, bacterial toxins move into your bloodstream easier, driving systemic inflammation.
• An implication of the findings — The authors acknowledged that their observational research does not prove a direct causation. However, they stressed that consistency across additive categories, dose-response relationships, and alignment with toxicological data strengthen confidence in the findings. Still, the results warrant action even without absolute proof, because the exposure is so widespread and the disease outcomes carry high stakes for the public.

Preservatives Track with Rising Diabetes Risk

If preservatives increase the risk of cancer, what other chronic diseases can they fuel? A companion study from the same research team, now published in Nature Communications, looked at metabolic health and noticed similar patterns. Using the same dataset from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort, the researchers followed participants over time, tracked detailed dietary records, and identified new cases of Type 2 diabetes as they occurred.8

The goal was to isolate preservative exposure and see whether it predicted diabetes risk beyond known factors such as body weight, physical activity, and overall diet quality. The study population included adults from the general community, many of whom entered the study without diagnosed metabolic disease. Over a follow-up period that averaged 8.05 years, higher preservative intake consistently aligned with higher incidence of Type 2 diabetes.

• Effect of total preservative exposure — Again, as overall intake increased, diabetes incidence rose hand in hand. When the authors examined preservative subgroups, non-antioxidant preservatives again showed the strongest association.
Within this category, sorbates stood out, particularly potassium sorbate. Individuals with higher intake of this additive experienced a higher rate of Type 2 diabetes compared with those who consumed less. Potassium sorbate appears in a wide range of packaged foods marketed as stable, which makes exposure easy to overlook in daily life.
• Risk goes up over time — Diabetes cases accumulated gradually across years of follow-up, aligning with sustained exposure rather than short-term dietary changes. The data suggest that consistent preservative intake acts as a chronic stressor rather than an acute trigger.
• Differences across participant groups — Diabetes associations appeared stronger among individuals with otherwise balanced diets. This challenges the assumption that generally healthy eaters remain protected if they still rely on packaged foods with additives. Even when the rest of the diet looked favorable, preservative exposure tracked with diabetes incidence.
• Mechanistic explanation of the findings — The authors discussed several biological pathways supported by experimental evidence. One pathway involves gut microbiota disruption. Preservatives suppress bacterial growth by design. In the gut, this shifts microbial balance, weakens the intestinal barrier, and increases systemic inflammation. Chronic low-grade inflammation interferes with insulin signaling, meaning cells stop responding efficiently to insulin’s message to absorb glucose.
Another mechanism involves oxidative stress and metabolic signaling. Experimental data cited in the paper show that certain preservatives increase oxidative markers and impair glucose handling in tissues. Over time, this disrupts how muscles and the liver manage blood sugar, setting the stage for insulin resistance.
• The consequences of unchecked consumption — Type 2 diabetes increases risk of heart disease, kidney failure, vision loss, and nerve damage.9 Because diagnosis often occurs late, prevention hinges on identifying modifiable exposures early. Preservatives represent one such exposure because they appear across many foods and remain invisible unless you read labels carefully.

By pointing out preservatives as a distinct factor, this study presents a shift on how you think about the progression of diabetes. Simply put, risk does not hinge solely on the consumption of refined sugar or weight gain, although those certainly play a part, too. Chemical additives built into the food supply influence how your body handles glucose over the long-term.

Lower Your Exposure to Harmful Food Additives with These Tips

Health authorities have allowed countless preservatives into the food supply without proper safety testing, but that doesn’t mean they’re unavoidable. Here are my recommendations to help you protect yourself and your loved ones:

1. Steer clear of ultraprocessed foods — Ultraprocessed foods contain long ingredient lists filled with unfamiliar terms, which are most likely loaded with substances your body was never meant to process, and that includes preservatives. In addition, these products rely heavily on other chemicals, such as emulsifiers and artificial flavorings that disrupt metabolic function and compromise gut health.
Focus instead on whole, minimally processed foods such as grass fed meats and dairy, fresh fruits and vegetables, and healthy carbohydrate sources like white rice. The simpler and more natural the ingredients, the better they support your health.
But here’s another thing about ultraprocessed foods — they’re loaded with linoleic acid (LA), which is another good reason to avoid them in the first place. As I noted in my study, published in Nutrients, excess LA intake affects your cellular health, leading to chronic disease.
I recommend you minimize your LA intake to less than 5 grams per day, but if you can get it to below 2 grams, that’s even better. To help you monitor your intake, sign up for the upcoming Mercola Health Coach app. It contains the Seed Oil Sleuth, which is a feature that will calculate the total LA in your food to a tenth of a gram.
2. Prioritize eating a clean, organic diet when possible — Organic foods are far less likely to contain chemical food additives, synthetic pesticides, or hormone-disrupting compounds. Whenever you can, choose organic versions of produce, leafy greens, fruits, and meats.
Organic certification standards restrict the use of artificial dyes, preservatives, and flavor enhancers, helping reduce your overall exposure to hidden toxins.
But what if organic food is out of your budget? I recommend you browse through the Environmental Working Group’s (EWG) Shopper’s Guide to Pesticides in Produce.10 It contains a list of fruits and vegetables that contain the lowest and highest levels of detected pesticides based on their testing.
3. Learn how to read ingredient labels — Many harmful additives are concealed behind misleading names. Artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, preservatives like BHT, potassium sorbate, sodium nitrite, and emulsifiers including polysorbate 80, have all been associated with gut dysfunction and metabolic issues.
Get into the habit of scanning ingredient lists and avoiding products with vague terms like “natural flavors” or “modified food starch.” If an ingredient is unfamiliar, research it before consuming the product.
4. Use safer food packaging and storage methods — Chemical exposure doesn’t stop with what you eat — it also comes from what your food touches. Plastic containers, particularly those containing bisphenol A (BPA) or phthalates, can leach hormone-disrupting chemicals into food. Opt for glass or stainless steel containers for storage and reheating. Never reheat leftovers in plastic, as heat accelerates the release of toxic compounds.
5. Prepare more meals at home — Restaurant meals and packaged foods tend to contain the highest concentrations of preservatives, emulsifiers, artificial colors, and industrial vegetable oils high in LA.
Cooking at home allows complete control over ingredients and preparation methods. Use grass fed butter or ghee in place of vegetable oils, and skip processed seasonings loaded with additives. Making meals from scratch not only reduces chemical exposure but also supports better digestion, sustained energy, and long-term cellular health.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About the Link Between Preservatives and Rising Cancer Rates

Q: How did humans preserve food before modern preservatives existed?
A: Before refrigeration, people relied on drying, fermenting, curing, and pickling to preserve food. These traditional methods extended shelf life without synthetic chemicals or long-term health tradeoffs.

Q: Why did chemical preservatives become so common in modern food?
A: Industrialization created demand for long shelf life. Manufacturers added chemicals like nitrites, sulfites, and benzoates to stabilize food and maximize distribution efficiency.

Q: What does research show about preservatives and cancer risk?
A: Data showed that higher preservative intake linked to higher cancer rates, especially breast and prostate cancer, with risk increasing as exposure increased over time.

Q: How are food preservatives linked to Type 2 diabetes?
A: Research showed that higher preservative intake tracked with higher diabetes incidence, independent of calories, weight, or sugar, pointing to additives as a metabolic stressor.

Q: What practical steps reduce preservative exposure and health risk?
A: Avoid ultraprocessed foods, read ingredient labels carefully, choose whole and organic foods when possible, store food in safer containers, and prepare more meals at home to limit additive intake.

Test Your Knowledge with Today’s Quiz!

Take today’s quiz to see how much you’ve learned from yesterday’s Mercola.com article.

Which widely prescribed U.S. pain medication is often considered safer than oxycodone or morphine?

Ibuprofen

Tramadol

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid with over 30 million U.S. prescriptions yearly and is often viewed as a middle ground between strong opioids and OTC pain relievers. Learn more.

Acetaminophen
Morphine

The water dispenser in your office doesn’t exactly scream “health hazard.” It’s where you fill your bottle, chat with coworkers, or take a quick breather between emails.1 It looks clean enough, and most of us assume it’s a safer bet than whatever comes out of the tap.

The same goes for the ones sitting in our homes. Whether it’s a countertop system or a big, bottle-fed machine, it feels like a small upgrade — something that should make our drinking water cleaner. But here’s the part no one expects: These everyday dispensers may be hiding more than they let on.

Water Dispensers May Contain More Bacteria Than Tap Water
A global review published in AIMS Microbiology2 examined whether commercial water dispensers deliver cleaner, safer water than tap. The researchers analyzed more than 70 studies across multiple countries, comparing bacterial contamination, water quality indicators, and the effectiveness of cleaning protocols. Their findings raise serious public health concerns — especially for workplaces and public-use systems.

The team reviewed data from Europe, the U.S., Canada, Malaysia, Brazil, and other countries, evaluating point-of-use (POU) and bottled dispenser systems. Across every region, they found that dispensers frequently had more microbial contamination than the municipal tap sources feeding them.3

• Tap water often had fewer bacteria than dispenser water — Across countries, dispensers repeatedly showed higher levels of harmful bacteria. For example, in Brazil, 76.6% of dispenser samples contained coliforms compared to just 36.4% of tap samples. In Arizona, 73% of Water Vending Machines (WVMs) exceeded EPA limits for bacterial growth. These consistent findings point to a systemic hygiene issue in dispenser systems, not the water supply itself.4

• Biofilm are abundant in water dispensers — These are structured microbial communities that accumulate inside water dispensers and are perfect breeding grounds for organisms. Slippery and slimy, biofilms continuously release planktonic cells and metabolic byproducts into the water (I’ll discuss biofilms in detail in the next section).

• Disinfection isn’t done often enough — The study recommends cleaning every two to four weeks, or even weekly for high-use systems. However, most commercial dispensers don’t follow this schedule.

“You’ve got to clean the tubes and change the filters regularly,” said Ryan Sinclair, Ph.D., M.P.H., an environmental microbiologist from Loma Linda University and the study’s lead investigator. “Filtering out residual chlorine that’s in water makes an ideal situation for bacteria to grow.”5

• Dangerous bacteria threaten vulnerable populations — Pathogenic organisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus, Candida, and Klebsiella were all found in dispenser samples and soda fountains. These bacteria can cause pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and gastrointestinal illness, especially in children, the elderly, or immunocompromised individuals. Some samples even showed genetic material from disease-causing strains.6

• Heterotrophic plate count (HPC) levels exceeded safety limits in most cases — HPC levels refer to a general measure of bacterial growth in water. When HPC levels rise, it signals that the dispenser can quickly become a breeding spot for bacteria — including harmful species — especially when the machine isn’t cleaned or maintained regularly.

In the United States, 73% of water-dispenser samples had HPC levels above the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) recommended limit of 500 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Similar results were reported in the United Kingdom, Iran, and Brazil.7

• Solutions require better design and oversight — The study recommends incorporating biofilm-resistant materials, using nanoparticle-infused surfaces, and adopting routine hydrogen peroxide disinfection protocols. However, the authors caution that technology alone is not enough.8

Here’s a quick overview of the most common bacteria and microbes that were found during the study:9

Bacteria/Microbe
What it can do
Why it’s a problem in dispensers

Coliform bacteria
A group of bacteria used to detect possible fecal contamination
Found in up to 76.6% of dispenser samples in Brazil — signals hygiene failure

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Can cause pneumonia, skin rashes, and urinary tract infections
Grows in wet, warm environments like tubing and spigots

E. coli (Escherichia coli)
Some strains can cause diarrhea and serious foodborne illness
Detected in systems where filters weren’t maintained

Staphylococcus
Can cause skin infections, food poisoning, and bloodstream infections
May spread through shared nozzle contact or poor cleaning

Klebsiella
Linked to pneumonia and hospital-acquired infections
Found in both water samples and internal dispenser parts

Candida (yeast)
Can cause oral thrush and yeast infections
Indicates broader microbial overgrowth in moist, unclean conditions

Heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria
General measure of microbial growth — not always harmful but high levels suggest poor sanitation
73% of U.S. samples exceeded the EPA safety limit of 500 CFU/mL

Legionella (only on occasion)
Causes Legionnaires’ disease — a severe lung infection
Rare but dangerous, especially in stagnant or heated water systems

Why You Should Pay Attention to Biofilms
Biofilms are slimy layers made when bacteria or fungi stick to a surface and form a community. They can form on any area that stays moist, such as river rocks, hospital catheters, water bottles — and even on your teeth. Once established, biofilms act as protective layers that help bacteria resist cleaning, disinfectants, and even antibiotics.10

According to a recent Nature Communications11 study from UC Riverside, there are specific features of biofilms that help explain why they stick around so easily — insights that matter more to your daily routine than you might expect.

• Biofilms act like a fortress for bacteria — Once microbes attach to the surface, they create a glue-like shield that keeps them anchored and safe. This makes cleaning less effective and infections harder to treat.

• They cling to surfaces using hair-like structures called fimbriae — Fimbriae help bacteria grab onto plastics, metal, or rubber — common materials in water dispensers, tubing, and spouts. Without these structures, bacteria can’t begin forming a biofilm.

• Standard cleaning methods often don’t reach the biofilm layer — Even after disinfection, bacteria in biofilms can survive and grow back within days. That’s why regular scrubbing and deep cleaning are necessary — especially for high-use machines.

• Biofilms create long-term hygiene risks in shared environments — From hospital tools to soda fountains and office water dispensers, any surface that stays damp and is touched frequently can become a biofilm breeding ground without proper upkeep.

How to Clean a Water Dispenser
Whether at home or in your office, the water dispenser you’re using needs regular cleaning to prevent biofilms from forming. The good news is that keeping it clean doesn’t require anything fancy — just a few basic supplies, some attention, and a bit of consistency.12

1. Unplug the dispenser and remove the bottle or shut off the valve — Always turn off the unit before cleaning. For bottom-load or top-load units, remove the bottle and check for spills. For filtered models, turn off the water supply valve and remove the filter if needed. Another tip: Do not use bleach on water cooler systems with a hot water dispenser.13

2. Select a safe cleaning solution — Use either a diluted bleach mixture or a simple vinegar solution. For bleach, mix a tablespoon of unscented bleach with 1 gallon of water. For vinegar, combine white vinegar and water in a 1:1 ratio. Never mix bleach and vinegar. Bleach disinfects quickly, while vinegar is effective for removing scale and odor.

3. Fill the reservoir and internal lines with the solution — Carefully pour your chosen cleaning solution into the dispenser’s reservoir, allowing it to run through the internal lines. Let it sit for 10 minutes if you’re using bleach, or 20 to 30 minutes if you’re using vinegar.

4. Flush the system through both cold and hot taps — Run some of the cleaning solution through each tap so it moves through all the internal parts of the dispenser. Then scrub the inside with a clean bottle brush, paying extra attention to corners and the spigot area (the small faucet on the front of the dispenser where the water comes out).

5. Drain, rinse, and repeat until there’s no odor — Drain all remaining solution, then flush the system with clean drinking water at least two to three times to ensure no cleaning agents remain. If you still smell bleach or vinegar, flush again.

6. Clean the outside and drip tray, then reassemble — Wipe down the nozzles, drip tray, buttons, and bottle neck (for top/bottom-load units). If the unit uses a filter, reinstall or replace it. Dry the unit completely before plugging it back in.

6 simple steps to clean a water dispenser

1. Wipe the exterior surfaces at least once a week.

2. Deep-clean the reservoir and lines every two to four weeks.

3. Use vinegar or diluted bleach only — never together.

4. Replace filters as your manufacturer recommends.

5. Rinse well after cleaning until no odor or taste remains.

6. Track cleaning dates to prevent biofilm from returning.

Can UV Disinfection Machines Replace a Good Cleaning?

If you’ve ever been curious about UV disinfection and whether it actually makes water safer, you’re not alone. UV systems offer a chemical-free, energy-efficient way to inactivate microorganisms, including chlorine-resistant ones like Giardia and Cryptosporidium.

They’re easy to maintain and don’t alter your water’s taste or smell. However, UV only targets microbes, not chemicals, and it doesn’t stop biofilm from forming on surfaces. It’s best used as a helpful extra layer of protection, not a substitute for routine cleaning.14

People often prefer vinegar or bleach because each offers a simple, reliable way to clean different kinds of messes. Vinegar’s mild acidity is strong enough to dissolve mineral deposits and stains without harming most surfaces, making it a gentle everyday option.15 Bleach, on the other hand, is valued for its powerful ability to kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses quickly.16 They give users effective, affordable cleaning choices for a wide range of needs.

Both vinegar and bleach can help clean water dispensers, but they work in different ways. This table shows when each option makes the most sense.

Method
Pros
Cons
Best for

Vinegar (1:1)
Good on mineral scale; low odor after flush; gentle on many plastics
Slower on microbes; needs longer contact
Light bioburden + descaling maintenance

Bleach (~50 to 100 ppm)
Faster broad-spectrum kill; widely validated in food-service
Should be flushed thoroughly; can corrode metals/rubber if over-strong or prolonged
Periodic sanitizing, high-use environments

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Water Dispenser Safety

Q: Are office water dispensers safe to drink from?

A: They can be, but only if they’re cleaned and maintained regularly. Studies show many office dispensers exceed bacterial safety limits when cleaning schedules are inconsistent, allowing biofilms and microbes to build up inside.

Q: How often should you clean a water dispenser?

A: Most experts recommend deep cleaning every 2 to 4 weeks, and weekly for high-use office or public dispensers. Quick wipe-downs of nozzles and drip trays should be done weekly or even daily.

Q: Do UV water dispensers kill bacteria?

A: UV systems can reduce some microbes in flowing water, but they don’t stop biofilms from forming on internal surfaces. They should be used as a supplement — not a replacement — for routine cleaning.

Q: Is tap water safer than water from a dispenser?

A: In many cases, yes. Studies have found dispensers often contain higher bacterial levels than the tap water feeding them when upkeep is poor.

Q: What bacteria grow in water dispensers, and why does biofilm matter?

A: Common microbes include coliform bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella. These thrive because biofilms — slimy bacterial layers — protect germs from cleaners and let them regrow quickly.

Q: Can Legionella grow in water coolers?

A: It’s uncommon but possible, especially in systems with stagnant water, warm temperatures, or poor maintenance. While not a central finding in most dispenser studies, it’s a known risk in improperly managed water systems.

Q: What’s the best way to sanitize a dispenser: vinegar or bleach?

A: Both work when used correctly. Vinegar is best for light buildup and mineral scale, while diluted bleach works faster for killing bacteria in high-use settings. Never mix them, and always rinse thoroughly.

Q: Do filters on dispensers prevent bacterial growth?

A: Not by themselves. Filters can improve taste and reduce certain contaminants, but if they aren’t replaced on schedule, they can become places where bacteria grow. They work properly only when paired with regular cleaning.

If checking your phone is the first thing you do each morning and the last thing you do each night, you’re not alone — but you might be paying a hidden price. In the U.S., about 4 in 10 adults say they are almost constantly online,1 and worldwide, people spend an average of six hours and 38 minutes a day on their devices.2

When life gets stressful, it’s common to reach for something that provides quick comfort. For many, that means browsing social media or even treating themselves to an online purchase to feel better.

These habits show how the internet is now deeply ingrained into our everyday routines. As screen time continues to rise, researchers are gaining a clearer understanding of how constant digital engagement affects overall well-being, and oftentimes, the effects are the opposite of what we’re looking for.

What Researchers Discovered About Online Habits and Stress

A longitudinal study conducted by researchers from Aalto University in Finland3,4 examined and recorded the online activity of adults for seven months, capturing nearly 47 million website visits and 14 million app uses, which were then compared with participants’ self-reported stress levels.5 Previous studies often asked people to guess their screen time or focused only on social media.

This study, published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, was different: It tracked exactly what people were doing online, when they did it, and whether they used a mobile phone or a desktop computer.

“With the aim of closing this gap, the study is among the first to use a tracking programme installed on users’ devices, rather than asking subjects to self-report their usage,” said Dr. Juhi Kulshrestha, assistant professor and senior researcher on the study.6

• The study followed 1,490 German adults — Researchers collected detailed, URL-level browsing data and analyzed these patterns to identify how, where, when, and by whom the internet was used.

• Participants completed monthly stress surveys — Each month, volunteers also filled out the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), which assesses feelings of being overwhelmed or anxious. The data showed that women reported more stress than men, and people who were older and wealthier tended to have lower stress.7

• Which online activities stressed people out? People who spent more time on social media, online shopping,8 and gaming were more likely to report higher stress levels. This was true for both phone and computer use, but it was especially strong for mobile phones.

• Not all online activities are stressful — In contrast, individuals who dedicated more time to productivity-related tasks, such as reading emails and browsing news websites, generally experienced lower stress levels. The researchers clarified that they only tracked the amount of time spent on news websites without considering the specific types of news accessed.

Mohammad Belal, M.Sc., a doctoral researcher in computer science at Aalto University and the principal author of the study, stated:

“Somewhat surprisingly, people who spent a lot of time on news sites reported less stress than others. On the other hand, those who already experienced a lot of stress didn’t spend much time on news sites — and that’s consistent with previous research that shows that stress can reduce news consumption.”9

• Why these findings matter right now — The research arrives amid growing global concern over the mental health effects of social media, including recent policy moves such as Australia’s ban on social media for children, which has drawn international attention. Belal noted that, despite the increasing influence of the internet on our lives, our scientific understanding of its impact on well-being is remarkably limited.

• The chicken-and-egg problem — Despite associations with stress, the researchers don’t believe people necessarily need to stop using the internet. Kulshrestha cautioned:

“Putting a blanket ban or upper limits on certain kinds of internet usage may not actually end up solving the issues and could even take away a vital support for people who are struggling …

As we gain increasingly accurate information about people’s internet usage, it will be possible to design new kinds of tools that people can use to regulate their browsing and improve their well-being.”10

The authors recommend simple tools that help users recognize when stress begins to influence their browsing habits. This can include digital wellness tools that identify early signs of stress-scrolling, gentle prompts that remind people to take a quick break, and an examination of different types of news to see which kinds decrease stress.

Frequent Social Media Use Linked to Lower Self-Worth in Children

A previous two-week diary study of 200 children ages 10 to 14 showed that when kids used more Instagram, TikTok, or YouTube on a given day, they felt worse about themselves by the end of the day. The study, which was published in Communications Psychology in 2023, focused on this group because kids begin using social media around age 10; this is also the time when they are forming identity and self-worth, rely more on comparisons, and are especially sensitive to media’s psychological effects.11

• Upward comparison explained why heavier use made kids feel worse — Kids who thought others looked happier or better-looking on social media felt worse about themselves. This habit of comparing, called upward social comparison, explained most of the hit to their self-esteem.

• More daily social media use led to lower self-worth and more self-criticism — When kids spent more time scrolling, they went to bed feeling less proud and more disappointed in themselves — their last thoughts of the day colored by comparison to curated highlight reels:

“On average, we found social media use across the two weeks of assessments to be related to reduced subjective well-being.

This indicates that children and young adolescents who used more Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube than others during the course of the study also reported to be less satisfied with themselves, more disappointed by or angry with themselves, to be less proud and to feel less good and content, and more unhappy, sad, and afraid than children and young adolescents who used social media less often,” the researchers concluded.12

Aside from lowering your self-esteem, prolonged social media use can affect your mental health by triggering your emotions. Read “Excessive Social Media Use Makes You More Irritable, Study Finds” for more information on this topic.

Passive Social Media Use Increases Social Anxiety in College Students

A large-scale study from the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health explored how different types of social media use affect anxiety levels in Chinese college students. Here, the researchers examined data from 1,740 students and discovered a clear divide: Passive scrolling increased anxiety, while active engagement reduced it.13

In contrast to studies that focus solely on screen time, this research distinguished between active use (posting and commenting) and passive use (browsing and lurking) and analyzed how each behavior affects self-perception and social anxiety.

• Passive use drives anxiety scores — Students who primarily browsed without interacting showed significantly higher levels of social anxiety.

• Active engagement reduces anxiety — In contrast, students who frequently posted or commented had lower social anxiety, which suggests that digital interaction — when it’s interactive — can be emotionally protective.

• Women tend to be more socially anxious — Female students showed higher social anxiety because they define themselves more through relationships and others’ opinions, making them more sensitive to judgment. Male students rely more on an independent self-view, which offers more emotional distance in social situations.

• Communication skills are the missing link — The ability to empathize, express emotions, and listen explained much of the difference. Students with strong communication skills were better protected from the harms of passive use. The researchers concluded:

“Our research extends the previous results, showing that the relationship between social media use and social anxiety can be explained when incorporating communication capacity as a mediator. Active social media use was significantly and negatively related to social anxiety, whereas passive social networking site use was significantly and positively related to social anxiety.

Reducing the use of passive social media among college students and adopting communication capacity-oriented interventions may yield benefits for improving students’ psychological well-being; educators should pay sufficient attention to them.”

Are You Chronically Online or Addicted to Social Media?

As evidenced by studies like the one above, not all social media is bad. Other research has even shown it can support cognitive health in the elderly.14 But when your digital life feels more “lived in” than your real one, or when your head is constantly halfway in a comment thread, it might be time to step back.

The term “chronically online” may sound like internet slang, but it describes a real pattern of behavior that’s marked by compulsive checking, difficulty being present offline, and moods dictated by notifications or online reactions. Unlike casual browsing, chronic online activity forms a feedback loop like slot machines: The more you scroll, the more platforms deliver content designed to keep you hooked.15

While being chronically online is about lifestyle and perspective, social media addiction is considered a behavioral health condition. Experts describe it as a compulsive dependency on social media platforms that interferes with mental health, daily responsibilities, and real-world relationships.16 Here are signs you’ve gone from “extremely online” to chronically online — and possibly toward addiction:17

1. You feel lost without Wi-Fi — Even short offline stretches feel uncomfortable. If you feel anxious or panicked when you can’t check apps, that’s closer to addiction.

2. You know influencers’ lives better than your friends — Prioritizing creators’ updates over real-world connections is a hallmark of being chronically online. If you neglect relationships entirely, it may signal addictive behavior.

3. You use content to “feel your feelings” — Scrolling or posting becomes your default coping mechanism. Social media addiction is when you can’t process emotions without the feed.

4. You’re never fully present — Your mind is always rehearsing posts or craving validation. With addiction, this craving feels uncontrollable, like you need the dopamine hit.

Spending time online isn’t the problem; losing touch with yourself is. If any of these signs hit a nerve, going on a social media detox could help you reconnect to the real world. For useful tips, you can check out “Reducing Social Media Use for Just a Week Can Improve Mental Health.”

6 Ways to Spend Less Time on Social Media

Social media platforms like Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, and X are designed to pull you in with endless feeds, quick rewards, and subtle comparison traps. Social media shapes your mind in ways that can quietly drain your focus, productivity, and emotional well-being. If quitting cold turkey isn’t realistic, these simple strategies can help you limit your time online:18

1. Know your screen habits — Before reducing your social media usage, it’s useful to understand how much time you currently spend. Track your time initially, then aim to decrease it gradually. Having the numbers on hand provides a clear, measurable way to monitor your progress.

2. Set a weekly “digital day-off” — Instead of trying to shave off minutes here and there, choose one day each week when you intentionally step away from social media altogether. You can decide how strict it is: no apps for 24 hours, or simply no screens after dinner. The point is to build predictable, distraction-free time.

3. Turn off distracting notifications — Alerts are designed to make everything feel urgent, which keeps you checking your phone even when nothing truly needs your attention. By disabling badges, banners, and email alerts for the platforms you overuse, you take back control of when you open each app.

4. Make your feed feel safe — Your feed should feel like a safe home you can retreat to. Just as you wouldn’t invite negative or judgmental people into your home, you don’t need to give them space in your mind. Follow accounts that promote kindness, realistic bodies, and healthy habits. Mute or unfollow pages that trigger comparison, fear, or self-doubt.

5. Ask for help — If stepping back from social media feels overwhelming, talk to someone you trust. There’s no shame in asking for help — especially when support from a loved one or therapist can help you process your feelings and anxiety.

6. Real life vs. online interaction — Set boundaries by taking regular screen breaks, calling a friend instead of texting, or joining a local class, group, or volunteer activity. Even 10 minutes of in-person connection each day can reset your mind and strengthen your sense of self.

Being online often trains us to perform — constantly tweaking, posting, reacting. But you don’t need to earn rest, joy, or validation; you already deserve them. You deserve to live a life without filters and to share moments without turning them into content. Reclaiming time from your screen isn’t about restriction; it’s about creating space for the version of you that doesn’t need an audience — just room to be genuine.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Social Media Anxiety

Q: What did the 7-month German study find about internet habits and stress?
A: The study tracked real online behavior in 1,490 adults and found that higher stress was linked to mobile social media use, online shopping, streaming, and gaming. In contrast, spending more time on email and news websites was associated with lower stress levels.

Q: Why does social media affect children’s self-esteem more strongly?
A: Kids ages 10 to 14 are still forming their identity and self-worth. They’re more likely to believe online images reflect real life, which increases harmful comparisons and makes them especially sensitive to social media’s emotional effects.

Q: What’s the difference between passive and active social media use?
A: Passive use means scrolling or lurking without interacting, which raises social anxiety. Active use involves posting, commenting, or messaging, which encourages connection and communication skills that help protect emotional well-being.

Q: What does it mean to be “chronically online”?
A: Being chronically online means your mood, attention, and sense of self are heavily shaped by online activity. It often includes compulsive checking, difficulty being present offline, and using content or shopping to cope with stress.

Q: What are simple ways to reduce social media stress without quitting entirely?
A: Start by tracking your screen habits, turning off nonessential notifications, creating screen-free time, and prioritizing real-world connections. Small, consistent changes can break the stress-scroll cycle and help you feel more grounded.

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremor, muscle stiffness, slowed movement, balance problems, and changes in thinking and mood. As the disease advances, many people also experience memory loss, reduced attention, depression, and anxiety, which often erode independence faster than movement symptoms alone.

This cognitive decline is overlooked far too often, even though it strongly predicts quality of life and long-term disability. If Parkinson’s remains unmanaged, the combined motor and cognitive burden accelerates loss of mobility, increases fall risk, and drives earlier need for assisted care. Globally, Parkinson’s affects millions, and risk rises sharply with age.

Research summarized in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease reports that roughly 1% of adults ages 65 to 69 live with Parkinson’s disease, rising to about 3% among those age 80 and older.1 When thinking speed slows or memory falters, daily tasks such as driving or handling finances become harder, even when tremor remains mild.

This leaves many searching for options that support both movement and cognition without adding side effects. Ideally, the strategy should activate multiple brain systems at once, because Parkinson’s doesn’t affect a single pathway. Movement, rhythm, memory, attention, and emotional engagement all matter when the goal is long-term brain resilience.

This explains why a long-term community study published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease deserves attention.2 By tracking people with Parkinson’s who engaged in dance for years and comparing them with inactive peers, the researchers uncovered insights that reshape how movement fits into brain protection and cognitive health.

Dance Rewires the Parkinson’s Brain Over Time

The observational study tracked adults with Parkinson’s disease who attended weekly community dance classes and compared them with a matched group that remained physically inactive.3 Researchers focused on changes in thinking ability and walking performance, two areas that usually decline steadily as Parkinson’s progresses. Instead of short-term results, this study examined what happens when movement becomes a long-term habit rather than a brief intervention.

The dance group included adults around age 70 with early-stage Parkinson’s who participated in a structured weekly program for up to six years. A comparison group with similar age, sex, and disease severity was drawn from a large Parkinson’s research database, but these individuals did not engage in regular physical activity. This design allowed researchers to isolate how ongoing movement affected brain and motor outcomes over time rather than comparing athletes to sedentary adults.

• Cognitive scores improved in dancers while non-dancers steadily declined — After about two years of weekly dance participation, the dance group showed significantly higher cognitive scores than the inactive group, with differences remaining clear through multiple follow-up years.
Between 2016 and 2018, dancers consistently outperformed non-dancers on standardized thinking tests, while the reference group showed worsening scores across the same period. This means consistent movement changed the expected trajectory of mental decline rather than simply slowing it briefly.

• Dance targets brain regions responsible for attention, planning, and memory — Although the study measured overall thinking ability, the authors linked improvements to functions commonly affected in Parkinson’s, including attention, executive function, and memory. These skills control everyday actions such as following conversations, planning steps, and managing daily routines. By improving these abilities, dance supported independence rather than focusing only on symptom relief.
• Time mattered more than intensity, reinforcing that consistency beats pushing harder — Cognitive differences between dancers and non-dancers didn’t appear immediately. Significant benefits emerged after roughly two years of weekly participation and persisted as long as engagement remained steady.
When attendance dropped near the final year, the statistical strength of the findings weakened, highlighting that ongoing participation drove results. This reinforces a simple rule you can use: small, regular efforts protect your brain better than short bursts of effort followed by inactivity.

• Dance helped stabilize movement, even for those starting with greater gait challenges — At baseline, the dance group actually had worse walking ability than the inactive group. Despite that disadvantage, dancers maintained more stable gait over time, while the inactive group showed significant deterioration by later years. This matters if you already feel stiff or slow, because it shows that starting “behind” doesn’t block long-term benefit.

Dance Activates Multiple Brain Systems at Once

Dance combines physical movement, balance, rhythm, memory, emotional engagement, and social interaction in a single activity.4 Instead of isolating muscles or heart rate, it forces your brain to coordinate timing, recall sequences, adjust posture, and respond to music. That combination stimulates widespread brain networks rather than a single pathway.

• Researchers link long-term dance to neuroplasticity and brain reorganization — Neuroplasticity refers to your brain’s ability to reorganize itself by strengthening existing connections and forming new ones. The study linked dance participation to this adaptive process, noting prior research showing changes in motor, sensory, and cognitive brain regions after dance training. Repeated coordinated movement trains your brain to operate more efficiently under stress.
• Social and emotional engagement amplified the biological effects — The researchers emphasized that dance programs also reduced anxiety and depression in people with Parkinson’s, which directly influences cognitive performance. Emotional engagement increases motivation and adherence, while social interaction reinforces routine. Enjoyment increases follow-through, and follow-through determines long-term brain outcomes.
• Movement that feels purposeful protects thinking ability longer — By preserving cognition and stabilizing movement over years, dance shifted Parkinson’s from an inevitable downhill slide to a condition influenced by daily choices. When movement challenges your brain and remains consistent, it becomes a tool for long-term brain resilience rather than a short-term activity.

How to Protect Brain Energy and Reinforce Cognitive Resilience

Parkinson’s advances fastest when your brain loses energy, coordination, and daily signals that it’s still needed. Rather than focusing on symptom control alone, focus on giving your brain the inputs that preserve function over time. The steps below center on restoring movement-driven signaling, protecting cellular energy, and removing stressors that accelerate decline. If you’re living with Parkinson’s, these actions directly support the systems shown to matter most.

1. Use dance as structured brain training, not casual exercise — Think of dance as neurological practice. Coordinated movement, rhythm, memory, and balance activate multiple brain regions at once, which is why long-term dancers maintained better thinking skills in the study. Choose a style that challenges coordination and recall, not just range of motion. Commit to it weekly. If you’re stiff, slow, or unsteady, that is exactly why dance belongs in your routine. Consistency matters more than intensity.

2. Anchor your week around movement routines your brain expects — Parkinson’s worsens when routines disappear, so schedule movement the same way you schedule meals. Walking on non-dance days, light resistance work, or engaging in tai chi reinforces the signals dance creates. Your brain responds to repetition. Each session reminds your nervous system that coordination, balance, and effort still matter, which slows functional loss.

3. Protect deep sleep so movement-driven gains stick — Look at sleep as the recovery phase for your brain training. Without deep sleep, the benefits of dance and movement fade faster. Keep your sleep and wake times steady. Remove evening light exposure. Make your bedroom dark and cool. If you have fragmented sleep and wake tired, your brain isn’t clearing waste efficiently, which undermines dopamine cell survival.

4. Lower metabolic stress so brain cells keep up with demand — Movement increases energy needs. If your cells lack fuel, the system strains. Eliminate ultraprocessed foods and seed oils first, then rebuild energy with whole-food carbohydrates such as fruit and white rice. Aim for steady intake throughout the day rather than large swings. When fuel delivery improves, brain cells handle coordination and learning with less strain.

5. Reduce environmental pressure and get regular sun exposure — Toxins and chronic stress drain mitochondrial function. Pure water, cleaner air, and simple daily routines lower that burden. I also encourage daily sunlight exposure to support vitamin D levels, which protects brain cells and regulates inflammation.
Your skin is built to produce vitamin D from sunlight, but when your diet is high in seed oils, your tissues accumulate linoleic acid, which breaks down easily under ultraviolet light.

As LA builds up, your risk of burning rises, especially during peak sun hours between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Reducing vegetable oils for at least six months lowers that risk and allows your skin to tolerate sunlight more safely. When sunlight is limited, pairing vitamin D3 with magnesium and vitamin K2 supports balance without excess.

Test your vitamin D levels twice a year so you know where you stand. Aim for a range between 60 and 80 ng/mL (150 to 200 nmol/L). These steps work together. Dance gives your brain the challenge it needs. Sleep locks in progress. Nutrition and light supply the energy. When those foundations align, cognitive decline slows and daily function holds longer.

FAQs About Parkinson’s Disease and Dancing

Q: How does dancing help people with Parkinson’s disease?
A: Dancing challenges movement, balance, memory, and attention at the same time. This combination activates multiple brain systems together, which helps preserve thinking skills and stabilize movement better than simple exercise alone.

Q: How often do you need to dance to see benefits?
A: The research showed that weekly participation mattered most. Benefits appeared after about two years of consistent practice and lasted as long as dancing remained a regular habit.

Q: Does dancing help even if Parkinson’s symptoms are already noticeable?
A: Yes. In the study, people who started with worse walking ability still maintained more stable movement over time compared with inactive peers. Starting later or feeling stiff does not block benefits.

Q: Is dancing better than other forms of exercise for Parkinson’s?
A: Dancing stands out because it combines coordination, rhythm, memory, emotion, and social interaction. These elements work together to strengthen brain networks involved in both thinking and movement.

Q: What else supports the brain benefits of dancing?
A: Deep sleep, steady nutrition with enough carbohydrates, lower exposure to seed oils and toxins, and regular sunlight all support brain energy. These foundations help your brain lock in and maintain the gains created by dance.

When you hear the word breathlessness, you might picture someone catching their breath after a quick climb. But for many adults worldwide, it’s more than a momentary lapse: Surveys show that over 10% of adults experience breathlessness,1 underscoring how common the symptom is across everyday life.

For example, in Australia, researchers estimate that at least one in 300 people becomes housebound due to long-term breathlessness, struggling with basic chores or moving around the home.2

With these staunch realities in mind, research groups in different countries are taking a closer look at what drives breathlessness, how people live with it, and how earlier recognition might support better day-to-day health for those affected.

Basic Facts About Breathlessness

Breathlessness, also known as shortness of breath, is the sensation of not getting enough air. Although it’s common to breathe more heavily during exercise, persistent or sudden breathlessness may indicate an underlying health problem — particularly if it occurs at rest or during light activity.3

Acute breathlessness comes on suddenly and may be caused by a new or serious medical problem, such as an asthma attack or allergic reaction. Chronic breathlessness develops gradually and lasts for weeks, months, or even years.

Breathlessness has many possible causes; It may be linked to conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, or anxiety. Other causes include:

• Lung diseases like asthma, and interstitial lung disease (ILD)

• Heart conditions, such as heart failure or abnormal heart rhythms

• Obesity, poor physical conditioning

• Smoking

• Long-term exposure to air pollution

Other less common causes include anemia, allergic reactions, and complications of diabetes. Breathlessness feels different for everyone. Symptoms can appear suddenly or build slowly over time. People may notice:4

• Feeling like you can’t get enough air

• Tightness in the chest

• Wheezing (whistling sound when breathing)

• Rapid or shallow breathing

• Persistent cough

• Fatigue or feeling very tired

Chronic Breathlessness Extends Hospital Stays and Escalates Costs

Research from Flinders University highlights that chronic breathlessness is a major health issue that often goes unnoticed but has serious consequences. Published in the Australian Health Review,5 the study analyzed data from nearly 12,000 Australian patients and found that ongoing breathing difficulties are one of the strongest predictors of higher hospital use and poorer quality of life.6

• Doctors tracked breathlessness scores and hospital visits — Researchers compared how severe patients’ breathing problems were during routine general practice visits with later hospital records to see whether worse breathlessness led to earlier admissions and longer hospital stays.

• Chronic breathlessness tied to extended hospital care — Patients with chronic breathlessness were admitted sooner and spent more time in the hospital, even after accounting for age, comorbidities, and hospital factors. Lead author Professor David Currow, Strategic Professor, Flinders Ageing Alliance, explained:

“Longer hospital stays increase costs, reduce bed availability, and intensify emergency department pressures. In Australia alone, chronic breathlessness is estimated to cost more than $12 billion annually in healthcare and societal expenses, a figure expected to rise with an ageing population and increasing rates of chronic illness.”

• How does it affect patients? Chronic breathlessness is not an easy burden to bear and is often overlooked. Currow states that it can disrupt nearly every aspect of daily life, contributing to disability, anxiety, depression, and even reduced ability to work.

“People often adapt by avoiding exertion, which leads to further physical decline. Yet this symptom remains largely invisible in clinical consultations, often dismissed as an inevitable part of illness rather than a treatable condition,” he explained.

• Priority actions to improve outcomes — The study recommends four priority actions:

◦ Routine screening and documentation so chronic breathlessness is consistently identified as a “sixth vital sign” in emergency and inpatient care.

◦ Accurate reporting in medical records to strengthen data quality.

◦ Early intervention research to determine whether better primary-care management can reduce emergency admissions.

◦ Hospital process review to understand why these patients face delays and longer stays.

The findings underscore that chronic breathlessness needs to be considered a serious condition, not an unavoidable side effect of aging or illness. Currow emphasizes that “By recognising and managing it more effectively, we can improve quality of life. Understanding the drivers for these longer lengths of stay is a critical next step.”

Can Breathlessness Scores Predict Your Chances of Ending Up in the Hospital?

A U.K. cohort study published in BMJ Open Respiratory Research7,8 explored whether a simple breathlessness score recorded in primary care could reliably identify people at high risk of emergency hospital visits.

Breathlessness often appears early in illness, yet it has rarely been used as a structured clinical tool. This study aimed to change that by examining how a standardized breathlessness assessment relates to future hospital use.

• A large study using routine clinical records — Researchers analyzed health data from 16,948 adults whose breathlessness was formally graded using the Medical Research Council (MRC) Breathlessness Scale. They focused on 11,911 people who eventually experienced an unplanned hospital admission, examining how breathlessness severity tracked with later healthcare use.

• How the MRC breathlessness test works — The study utilized this test, which, unlike a laboratory test or imaging scan, measures breathlessness based on functional ability. Each grade corresponds to a specific, easy-to-understand description:9

◦ Grade 1 — Breathless only with heavy exercise

◦ Grade 2 — Breathless when hurrying or walking uphill

◦ Grade 3 — Walks slower than peers or stops after a mile

◦ Grade 4 — Stops after 100 meters due to breathlessness

◦ Grade 5 — Too breathless to leave the house

• Higher breathlessness scores predicted earlier hospitalization and longer stays — Adults with milder symptoms (MRC 1) went about 1,167 days before their first unplanned admission, while those with MRC 5 were admitted in about 615 days, nearly half the time. Once hospitalized, people with higher scores also stayed longer, even after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, comorbidities, and deprivation.

• Higher scores revealed clear risk profiles — Severe breathlessness was closely linked with older age, obesity, smoking or past smoking, greater comorbidity burden, and living in more deprived neighborhoods. These factors likely interact over time, making breathlessness a visible signal of deeper health and social challenges.

• Many diagnoses emerged only after admission — Among those eventually given a definitive diagnosis, cardiorespiratory conditions were the most common. COPD accounted for 56% of diagnoses and asthma for 33%, with smaller numbers tied to heart disease, interstitial lung disease, pleural disorders, or lung cancer. For many patients, breathlessness appeared long before these conditions were identified, suggesting missed opportunities for earlier detection.

While the MRC scale had potential, the study authors recognized that more research is needed into this area. “This is the first study to identify an association between recording breathlessness intensity and time to a person’s first unplanned hospital admission and longer inpatient length of stay. Future work must focus on whether interventions can change people’s health service use,” they noted.10

Breathing Exercises to Manage Breathlessness

Breathlessness can be scary, especially if you have a lung condition, a heart problem, or chronic anxiety. But there are small, practical steps you can take to help you feel more in control. The Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Respiratory Care (ACPRC) offers a patient guide that teaches simple breathing techniques designed to reduce anxiety, ease symptoms, and make everyday activities feel more manageable.11

• Breathing control resets panic and tension — The most basic technique is called breathing control. It helps you calm down during or after a breathless episode by focusing on gentle, relaxed breathing. Sit or lie down in a supported position, breathe in through your nose and out through your nose or mouth, and let go of tension as you exhale.

Try to make each successive exhale longer than the inhale. Closing your eyes can help you focus. Practicing this daily can make your breathing steadier and easier to recover after activity.

• Pursed-lips breathing slows your exhale and eases air trapping — When experiencing shortness of breath, especially with conditions such as COPD, exhaling can seem more difficult than inhaling. Pursed-lips breathing aids by prolonging your exhale, helping prevent air from becoming trapped.

Inhale gently through your nose and then exhale slowly through pursed lips, like blowing out a candle. This technique makes breathing less exhausting and improves the movement of oxygen in and out of your lungs.

• “Blow as you go” helps with lifting, reaching, or standing — This everyday tip reminds you to exhale during effort. Breathe in before the action (like lifting a bag or climbing stairs), then blow out as you move. Exhaling during effort engages your core and reduces strain, much like how athletes exhale while exerting force.

• Paced breathing matches movement with breath — If walking or climbing stairs leaves you breathless, paced breathing may help. Try coordinating your breath with each step — for instance, inhale for one step and exhale for two. Adjust the rhythm to what feels comfortable.

• Deep breathing before activity prevents flare-ups — Instead of waiting until you’re breathless, practice slow, deep breathing to prepare your lungs. Before engaging in activities that normally trigger symptoms — like bending, reaching, or walking — take slower, deeper breaths to help your lungs keep up.

These techniques are most effective with regular practice; that’s why the ACPRC recommends practicing daily. The more familiar you become with them, the more effectively you’ll use them when breathlessness occurs.

How Overbreathing Disrupts the Brain and Body

As people retrain their breathing to support the spine and core, it’s helpful to know that more breath isn’t always better. Pushing deep or frequent breaths can tip the body out of balance.

• Balance, not “more air,” drives efficient breathing — Peter Litchfield, Ph.D., a leading expert in breathing physiology, teaches that effective breathing is about balance, not volume. Real efficiency depends on the natural reflex that already regulates breathing. Problems begin when stress, trauma, or long-held tension override that reflex. Over time, many people develop patterns such as:

◦ Upper-chest breathing

◦ Chronic sighing

◦ Overventilation (breathing too deeply or too often)

These habits disturb the normal balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2), and can produce the very fatigue, anxiety, and imbalance people are trying to fix.

• CO2 helps keep vessels open and energy steady — CO2 is one of the body’s most reliable vasodilators — it helps blood vessels stay relaxed and open. When CO2 drops from overbreathing, blood vessels constrict, energy dips, and the brain gets less oxygen — the opposite of what “big breaths” are meant to achieve.

• Brain chemistry changes can spark sudden waves of emotion — When your brain isn’t getting enough oxygen and glucose, it shifts into a less efficient way of making energy. This builds up lactate and changes your brain chemistry, which Litchfield says can trigger “disinhibition” — those sudden rushes of fear, anger, or panic that seem to come out of nowhere.

These emotional bursts can feel strangely relieving in the moment, which makes your brain more likely to repeat the same overbreathing pattern. Later, when stress or old memories get stirred up, your body can fall right back into that rhythm, lowering CO2 again and restarting the whole cycle.

• A quick rescue to reset after overbreathing — Litchfield recommends a quick method to determine if low CO2 levels are behind your symptoms: Gently breathe into a paper bag (never use plastic). The bag should not be too small or too large; an ideal size is 6 inches by 15 inches, or 15 centimeters by 38 centimeters.

Breathe into the bag with your mouth and nose covered until you feel better. With each exhale, you expel CO2. By rebreathing the CO2 inside the paper bag, you effectively raise your CO2 level. CO2 plays a direct role in easing breathlessness and panic by stabilizing blood chemistry, oxygen delivery and nervous system signaling.

When CO2 levels drop too low, distress rises. When it returns to a normal range, symptoms often calm. This is not a long-term solution, but it can help restore balance in acute situations when you’re feeling out of breath or panicked.

Since each person takes approximately 20,000 breaths a day, understanding proper breathing is crucial. Read practical tips in “How Proper Breathing Builds Better Strength and Lasting Power.”

Drug-Free Habits That Support Better Breathing

Simple daily choices can either strain your lungs and nervous system, or help them recover. These foundational lifestyle shifts work with your body, not against it.

1. Quit smoking once and for all — Did you know that smoking just two cigarettes a day is associated with a 50% increased risk of heart disease? Smoking constantly irritates and inflames the airways, making every breath more effort than it needs to be. Avoiding cigarettes — or even exposure to secondhand smoke — takes a huge load off your lungs, allowing them to repair and breathe more freely over time.

2. Improve your diet so you can breathe easier — A good diet is one of the easiest ways to support your breathing. It keeps your energy up and can help control conditions like diabetes or anemia that worsen breathlessness.

One helpful change is to cut back on seed oils like soybean, canola, corn, sunflower, safflower, which are high in linoleic acid (LA) and can fuel inflammation. Keep your LA intake low — ideally below 5 grams a day — and choose more stable fats like ghee, coconut oil, or beef tallow.

3. Try rhythmic yoga breathing to settle your system — Rhythmic breathing is simply inhaling and exhaling at a steady pace. It gives your nervous system something predictable to follow, which helps your heart rate slow down, and your muscles release some of their tension.

4. Use mindfulness techniques to help you relax — Stress and anxiety can make breathlessness feel much worse, so learning ways to calm your system can really help. Techniques like Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) and tai chi, a slow, flowing movement practice, can ease tension and help you feel more in control of your breath.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Chronic Breathlessness

Q: What is breathlessness?

A: Breathlessness, also called shortness of breath, is the feeling that you can’t get enough air. It can happen during activity or at rest and often means your lungs, heart, metabolism, or nervous system are under strain.

Q: Why is chronic breathlessness a serious health issue?

A: Chronic breathlessness means breathing difficulty that lasts for weeks or longer. Studies show it’s linked to disability, anxiety, depression, and longer hospital stays, even when other diseases are already being treated.

Q: Can breathlessness show up before a diagnosis is made?

A: Yes. Research found breathlessness often appears years before conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or heart disease are formally diagnosed, making it an early warning sign that’s often missed.

Q: What is the MRC breathlessness scale?

A: The Medical Research Council (MRC) Breathlessness Scale is a simple tool doctors use to grade breathlessness based on daily activity, from breathless only with heavy exercise to being too breathless to leave the house.

Q: Why can breathing too much make symptoms worse?

A: Overbreathing lowers carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood. CO2 helps keep blood vessels open, so when levels drop, less oxygen reaches the brain, which can trigger fatigue, dizziness, anxiety, and panic.

Tramadol, a synthetic opioid, is one of the most widely prescribed pain medications in the U.S., with more than 30 million prescriptions written each year. It’s often considered “safer” than stronger opioids like oxycodone or morphine, yet more effective than over-the-counter options such as Tylenol or ibuprofen. That “middle ground” reputation has made it a routine part of care for people with chronic pain.1

For years, tramadol has been handed out in emergency rooms, pain clinics, and primary care offices with relatively little hesitation. But that long-standing trust is starting to shift. An analysis conducted by a research team in Denmark has called its safety and effectiveness into question, raising concerns about how well it really works and at what cost.2 If you’re currently using tramadol, or it’s been recommended to you, it’s worth examining the evidence more closely.

What Is Tramadol and How Does It Work?

Tramadol was first developed in the early 1960s in Germany and later approved for use in the United States in the mid-1990s. It entered the U.S. market as a non-scheduled medication, meaning it was not initially classified as a controlled substance. This designation reflected the belief that tramadol carried a lower risk of misuse compared to other opioids.3,4,5

• Reclassified after rising reports of misuse — In 2014, after growing reports of abuse and dependency, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration reclassified it as a Schedule IV controlled substance, a category that recognizes medical use but acknowledges risk of abuse and dependence and imposes prescribing and refill restrictions. However, by that point, tramadol was already widely embedded in pain management.

• Unlike traditional opioids, tramadol works through a dual mechanism — It binds to the same opioid receptors in the brain as drugs like morphine or oxycodone, which helps dull the sensation of pain. But it also inhibits the reuptake of two neurotransmitters — serotonin and norepinephrine — which are involved in mood regulation and the body’s natural pain control pathways.

Think of neurotransmitters as chemical messengers that travel between nerve cells. Normally, after delivering their message, they’re recycled back into the sending cell — that’s “reuptake.” Tramadol blocks this recycling process for serotonin and norepinephrine, leaving more of these mood- and pain-regulating chemicals active in your nervous system.

This second mechanism is similar to how some antidepressants work, which is why tramadol is sometimes referred to as an SNRI-like opioid. That dual action is part of what sets it apart early on and led to the perception that it was both effective and less likely to lead to addiction, respiratory depression, or overdose.

• Tramadol is prescribed for a wide range of pain conditions — It’s often used for moderate to moderately severe pain, either alone or in combination with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It has been commonly prescribed for chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, chronic low back pain, and even for premature ejaculation.

• Some people misuse tramadol for its opioid effects — Although it is classified as a Schedule IV drug with lower misuse potential, its label still warns of risks involving misuse and addiction. Its effects may include euphoria and feelings of relaxation, often referred to as a “tramadol high.”

According to the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, roughly 14.6 million people aged 12 and older used tramadol in the past year, and about 9.4% of them reported using it in ways not directed by a clinician. In that same age group, an estimated 6.1 million individuals were living with an opioid use disorder during the past year.6

While tramadol is less potent than many opioids, that does not make it inherently safer. Lower potency refers to the drug’s ability to produce analgesia at a given dose, not to the likelihood of side effects, complications, or dependency. Newer evidence shows that even at these lower potency levels, tramadol can still carry meaningful risks.

What Did the New Evidence Find About Tramadol’s Benefits vs. Harms?

A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis published in BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine evaluated the effectiveness and safety of tramadol for chronic pain by analyzing 19 randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials conducted between 1998 and 2024, involving 6,506 adults with a range of chronic pain conditions.7

• Tramadol produced only a slight reduction in pain intensity — Across the included studies, tramadol lowered pain scores by an average of 0.93 points on a 10-point scale compared with placebo. Although statistically significant, this fell short of the researchers’ predefined minimal important difference of 1 point. This means the average change was unlikely to be noticeable or meaningful for most patients.

• Even this modest benefit was based on low-certainty evidence — The researchers described tramadol’s effect as “slight,” and nearly all trials were judged to be at high risk of bias. Design flaws and inconsistencies raised the possibility that benefits were overstated or harms underreported, further weakening confidence in the findings.

• Trials showed no meaningful improvement in daily function or quality of life — Chronic pain treatment aims to improve how you function day to day, including mobility, energy, and overall quality of life. In this analysis, the available trial data were insufficient to demonstrate functional or quality-of-life improvements in people taking tramadol, limiting the clinical relevance of its small reduction in pain scores.

• Serious adverse events were significantly more common with tramadol — The analysis showed that people taking tramadol were more than twice as likely to experience a serious adverse event compared with those receiving a placebo, with cardiovascular outcomes such as chest pain, coronary artery disease, and congestive heart failure accounting for most of the increased risk.

• Non-serious side effects were frequent and disruptive — Nausea, dizziness, constipation, and drowsiness occurred more often with tramadol. Although labeled “non-serious,” these effects commonly interfere with normal functioning and may require additional treatment.

• Researchers noted a higher risk of neoplasms — Neoplasms are abnormal cell growths that may be benign or cancerous. However, because the trials were short in duration, this finding was flagged as uncertain. Longer studies would be needed to determine whether tramadol contributes to cancer risk over time.

Overall, the study concluded that tramadol’s benefits for chronic pain are minimal, while its risks — both serious and non-serious — are significant enough to outweigh those benefits. The study’s authors called for minimizing the use of tramadol and urged clinicians to consider alternative treatments before prescribing it. See the table below for a quick summary of the study’s findings:

Evidence Snapshot: Tramadol vs. Placebo

Outcome
Tramadol vs. Placebo
Notes

Pain reduction
Average reduction of 0.93 points on a 10-point scale
Below the 1-point threshold for minimal clinically important difference

Serious adverse events
More than 2x higher with tramadol
Increased risk of cardiac events, including chest pain, heart disease, and heart failure

Common side effects
Higher rates of nausea, dizziness, constipation, and drowsiness
Frequently disruptive to daily functioning; labeled “non-serious” but clinically relevant

Other Tramadol Side Effects to Watch For

Tramadol’s side effects go well beyond occasional nausea or stomach upset. Because it affects multiple systems in your body, it can produce a wide range of adverse events that may influence your safety, quality of life, and even long-term health, such as:8,9,10

1. Seizures — Tramadol is associated with an increased risk of seizures, especially at higher doses or when combined with other medications that lower the seizure threshold (the level of stimulation at which the brain is more likely to trigger a seizure), such as certain antidepressants or antipsychotics. This makes it a higher-risk option for anyone already vulnerable to neurological instability.

2. Serotonin syndrome — Because tramadol influences serotonin levels in the brain, it can contribute to serotonin syndrome when taken with other drugs that affect serotonin, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Serotonin syndrome is a serious condition marked by agitation, rapid heart rate, sweating, muscle stiffness, tremor, and confusion.

If left unaddressed, it can lead to high fever, seizures, or loss of consciousness. For this reason, people already taking psychiatric medications need to avoid tramadol.

3. Respiratory depression — Opioids like tramadol can slow breathing by acting on the brain’s respiratory centers. This effect is more likely when tramadol is taken at higher doses or alongside other central nervous system (CNS) depressants such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or alcohol. In severe cases, respiratory depression can be life-threatening and may necessitate emergency care.

4. Mood, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric effects — Tramadol’s action on central neurotransmitter systems has been associated with a broad range of mental and behavioral changes. Reported effects include emotional blunting, increased anxiety, episodes of euphoria, agitation, restlessness, hallucinations, abnormal dreams, and uncontrolled excitement.

Cognitive effects such as impaired concentration, memory lapses, and slowed thinking have also been documented, along with more severe psychiatric reactions, including suicidal thoughts or behavior, particularly in people with preexisting mental health conditions or those taking other psychoactive medications.

5. Urinary and kidney-related effects — This may include decreased urine output, painful or difficult urination, blood in the urine, and fluid retention with swelling of the hands, ankles, or feet. These effects are more concerning in people with pre-existing kidney disease.

6. Dependence and withdrawal — With ongoing use, your body may adapt to tramadol’s presence, leading to physical dependence. If tramadol is reduced abruptly or stopped, withdrawal symptoms can occur, which include anxiety, sweating, tremors, sleep disturbances, irritability, and flu-like sensations.

7. Overdose — Tramadol overdose is possible and carries the same fundamental danger seen with other opioids, including slowed or stopped breathing, loss of consciousness, coma, and death. The U.S. age-adjusted death rate involving synthetic opioids like tramadol rose sharply from 0.5 deaths per 100,000 in 2003 to over 22 per 100,000 by 2021.11

Deaths attributed specifically to tramadol poisoning have also been reported in peer-reviewed case series documenting hundreds of fatal tramadol-associated deaths in the medical literature, often involving mixed drug toxicity with other CNS depressants.12

For a deeper look at the risks linked to opioid use, including outcomes that extend beyond overdose, read “Opioid Deaths Continue to Rise Despite Drop in Prescriptions.” For a quick reference, the table below summarizes common tramadol side effects alongside those that carry more serious or life-threatening risks:

Common vs. Serious Tramadol Side Effects

More common side effects
Serious side effects

Headache
Seizures

Dry mouth
Serotonin syndrome

Sweating
Respiratory depression

Fatigue
Overdose

Sleep disturbances
Cardiac complications (e.g., chest pain, heart failure)

Mild confusion or disorientation
Severe neuropsychiatric effects (hallucinations, suicidal thoughts)

Urinary retention or difficulty urinating
Acute kidney complications or fluid overload

Emotional changes (irritability, mood shifts)
Physical dependence and severe withdrawal

How Are Opioids Linked to Fatal Car Crashes?

The danger of opioids extends beyond the risk of side effects or overdose. Since these medications slow reaction time, dull alertness, and affect coordination, they make it harder to stay in your lane while driving, respond to traffic changes, or avoid hazards. These effects are present even at therapeutic doses and are especially concerning when they’re combined with alcohol or other medications that affect the CNS.

• Drug involvement in fatal crashes surpasses alcohol in some data sets — Data compiled by the Governors Highway Safety Association and the Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility show that in 2015, drugs were involved in 43% of fatal car crashes, a rate higher than the 37% of fatal crashes involving illegal amounts of alcohol. Prescription painkillers are part of that drug-related share.13

• Opioid-positive drivers in fatal crashes increased sharply over two decades — Research has documented a sevenfold rise from 1995 to 2015 in the proportion of drivers killed in crashes who tested positive for opioids. Among male drivers killed, the presence of narcotic pain relievers increased from 1% to 5%, and among women from 1% to 7% over the same period.14

• Prescription opioid use is strongly associated with initiating fatal crashes — A 2019 analysis of more than 18,000 fatal two-vehicle crashes found a significant link between prescription opioid use and crash initiation. The most common driving error was failing to stay in the proper lane. This pattern was consistent across ages and both genders, emphasizing how opioid impairment affects driving performance.15

• Declines in prescribing did not eliminate the risk — Although opioid prescribing has decreased, dangers behind the wheel remain. Yale researchers found that nonfatal crashes involving prescription opioids declined by nearly half between 2014 and 2018, yet fatal crashes did not drop accordingly. This suggests that when opioids are involved in deadly incidents, impairment may be more severe or compounded by other factors.16

For your safety and the safety of others, avoid getting behind the wheel if you’re using opioids, especially when starting a new medication, adjusting your dose, or combining it with other substances. Beyond the dangers for people who may need to drive, there are specific demographics that carry greater vulnerability to tramadol’s harm and warrant added caution.

Who Faces the Highest Risk from Tramadol?

Safety guidance and clinical warnings show that tramadol poses unacceptable risk for certain groups, even when taken exactly as prescribed. In these situations, the likelihood of serious harm is high enough that tramadol should not be used. These include:17

• People with significant breathing problems — Tramadol should be avoided in people with severe asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnea, or other conditions that impair breathing. Because tramadol can suppress respiratory drive, baseline breathing vulnerability increases the risk of dangerous oxygen deprivation, particularly during sleep.

• Children and adolescents in specific settings — Tramadol is not recommended for children below 12 years of age and should not be taken by anyone under 18 following tonsil or adenoid surgery. Serious breathing problems and deaths have been reported in these groups, leading to explicit safety restrictions in prescribing guidance.

• Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals — Use during pregnancy can lead to neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, with symptoms such as abnormal crying, tremors, feeding difficulties, and poor weight gain in newborns. During breastfeeding, tramadol use is discouraged because the drug and its active metabolites can pass into breast milk and cause life-threatening effects in infants.

• People with liver or kidney disease — Tramadol is processed by the liver and eliminated through the kidneys, and impaired function in either organ can cause the drug to accumulate. This raises the likelihood of adverse reactions even at standard doses.

• Individuals with a history of seizures or head injury — Because tramadol lowers seizure threshold, prescribing guidance advises caution or avoidance in people with epilepsy, prior seizures, brain injury, or conditions that increase intracranial pressure. Risk increases further when other neurologically active medications are present.

• People taking multiple medications that affect the CNS — Taking tramadol alongside sedatives, tranquilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics, or other psychoactive drugs increases the risk of dangerous interactions.

• Individuals with a history of substance use disorder — Tramadol carries the same misuse and dependence risks as other opioids, and prescribing guidance highlights increased danger in people with prior drug or alcohol misuse. In these cases, exposure can escalate more quickly and be harder to reverse safely.

• People with certain hormonal or metabolic conditions — Conditions affecting adrenal function, blood sugar regulation, or electrolyte balance warrant caution, as tramadol has been linked to disruptions in these systems during treatment.

Taken together, these precautions show that tramadol requires individualized assessment rather than routine prescribing. For people who fall into these categories, alternative pain management strategies deserve careful consideration before tramadol enters the picture.

What Are Safer Alternatives for Pain Relief?

Given the limited benefits shown in clinical trials and the breadth of documented risks, nondrug and non-opioid approaches deserve consideration for anyone managing chronic pain, not only those at highest risk from tramadol. In many cases, changes in diet, movement, and targeted therapies can meaningfully reduce pain while avoiding the cumulative risks associated with long-term medication use. Here are some safe and effective options you can consider:

1. Acupuncture — This traditional practice involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body to help regulate pain signals and restore balance in the nervous system. Clinical studies show acupuncture can reduce chronic pain from conditions like back pain, osteoarthritis, and fibromyalgia.18

It’s also been found to stimulate the release of endorphins and modulate inflammatory pathways. When used consistently, acupuncture may lower the need for medication and improve quality of life.19

2. K-Laser therapy — This high-intensity infrared laser penetrates deep into soft tissues, helping to reduce inflammation, stimulate blood flow, and accelerate healing. It’s commonly used for injuries, joint pain, and nerve-related conditions, and has been shown to help reduce reliance on painkillers when used as part of a broader recovery plan.20

3. Physical therapy and posture correction — Guided movement programs that include stretching and strengthening exercises help improve joint function, reduce inflammation, ease strain on overworked tissues, and support healthier movement patterns. Therapists often use diagnostic techniques to pinpoint imbalances and tailor interventions that support long-term healing.21

4. Massage therapy — A comprehensive review in Pain Medicine22 found that massage consistently reduced pain from a range of sources, including musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia, and headaches. It performed better than no treatment, and held up well even compared to physical therapy and acupuncture. Massage was also linked to lower anxiety and improved overall well-being, with minimal risk of side effects.

5. Herbal options — Many plant-based compounds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. These include:

• Willow bark
• Ginger
• Turmeric (Curcumin)
• Rose hips
• Devil’s claw
• Boswellia (Frankincense)

• Feverfew
• Ashwagandha
• Black cohosh
• Corydalis
• Rosemary
• Thunder God vine

For a deeper dive into how these herbs work, check out my article “An Herbal Guide to Natural Pain Relief,” where I discuss in detail how these herbs can help ease your symptoms.

6. Nutritional support — Several key nutrients support musculoskeletal health and the body’s anti-inflammatory and pain-modulating systems:

• Magnesium — Helps relax muscles, support nerve function, and reduce pain sensitivity.
• Vitamin D — Plays a role in immune balance and bone health; low levels are linked to heightened pain perception.
• Choline — Supports healthy nerve signaling and neurotransmitter balance. Deficiency may worsen chronic pain symptoms, especially in athletes, vegans, and postmenopausal women.

7. Stress-reducing practices — Chronic stress increases pain by activating the sympathetic nervous system and heightening inflammation.23 Techniques such as mindfulness meditation, breathing exercises, yoga, and tai chi have been shown to ease physical discomfort by calming the nervous system and improving body awareness.

Some approaches focus on helping your body and mind respond more calmly to pain and stress. Biofeedback uses real-time monitoring of signals like heart rate and muscle tension to help you recognize and consciously regulate physical stress responses.24 Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps you identify unhelpful thought patterns and replace them with strategies that reduce distress and improve coping.25

Emotional freedom techniques (EFT) take a more hands-on approach. The practice involves gently tapping on specific acupuncture meridian points with your fingertips while speaking affirmations. This process helps release emotional tension, calm the nervous system, and restore balance to the body’s energy flow.

8. Daily habits that support pain relief — Small shifts in how you eat, move, and manage stress help lower inflammation, reduce discomfort, and create routines that support steadier, longer-term improvement. These include:

• Keeping daily linoleic acid (LA) intake under 5 grams. That means avoiding industrial seed oils like soybean, corn, canola, safflower, and sunflower oil, and choosing stable saturated fats such as butter, ghee, tallow, or coconut oil.

• Avoiding processed foods made with LA-rich oils, restaurant foods cooked in them, as well as nonorganic chicken and pork. These meats tend to be high in LA thanks to the animals being fed LA-rich grain feed.

• Cutting back on grains and refined sugars to lower inflammation and reduce pain triggers.

• Adding high-quality omega-3 fats like krill oil or wild-caught fish, like Alaskan salmon, into your diet to support anti-inflammatory processes.

• Getting daily sun exposure to maintain healthy vitamin D levels and support immune and neurological health. For safe exposure guidance, review my recommendations in this article.

Tramadol’s risks are often downplayed, but the evidence shows they’re real — and for many people, they outweigh the drug’s modest benefits. Whether you’re managing pain from a chronic condition or recovering from an injury, safer options exist. Staying informed, asking better questions, and making steady changes to how you approach pain can help you avoid unnecessary harm.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Tramadol’s Safety

Q: Is tramadol safe for chronic pain?
A: Tramadol is often prescribed for chronic pain, but new research found it only provides a slight reduction in pain scores, falling short of what most people would consider meaningful relief. At the same time, the risk of serious side effects was more than twice as high compared to placebo. For many people, the risks may outweigh the modest benefit, especially when used long-term.

Q: Does tramadol increase heart disease risk?
A: Yes. The BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine meta-analysis found that tramadol was linked to a significantly higher rate of serious cardiovascular events, including chest pain, coronary artery disease, and congestive heart failure. These effects were among the most common serious harms reported across the studies.

Q: Can tramadol cause serotonin syndrome if I’m on SSRI?
A: Yes. Tramadol increases serotonin levels in the brain and can trigger serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs, including SSRIs and certain migraine or psychiatric medications. This serious condition involves agitation, muscle stiffness, rapid heartbeat, confusion, and high fever.

Q: Can I drive after taking tramadol?
A: You should avoid driving while taking tramadol, especially during the early stages of treatment or when your dose changes. Like other opioids, tramadol impairs reaction time, coordination, and alertness. Opioid use has been linked to a sharp rise in fatal car crashes, and tramadol is included in that risk category.

Q: Who should avoid tramadol?
A: Tramadol poses elevated risks for people with certain health conditions or medication use. This includes anyone with:

• Breathing problems
• Liver or kidney disease
• A history of seizures or brain injury
• Mental health conditions or substance use disorder
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Current use of other CNS depressants or serotonergic drugs
• Children and adolescents in specific settings

Q: What are common vs. serious tramadol side effects?
A: Common side effects of tramadol include headache, nausea, dry mouth, sweating, dizziness, fatigue, constipation, and mild confusion. More serious reactions may involve seizures, respiratory depression, serotonin syndrome, overdose, hallucinations, suicidal thoughts, cardiac events, kidney dysfunction, and severe withdrawal symptoms.

Q: Is tramadol less addictive than other opioids?
A: Tramadol is often considered lower risk, but that perception is not strongly supported by evidence. It still activates opioid receptors and can lead to dependence, misuse, and withdrawal symptoms. People with a history of addiction or mental health instability are especially vulnerable.

Q: What are safer alternatives to tramadol for long-term pain?
A: Nondrug therapies like acupuncture, K-Laser therapy, physical therapy, and massage have been shown to relieve chronic pain without the risks of opioids. Nutrients such as magnesium, vitamin D, and choline support nerve and muscle function, while herbal remedies help reduce inflammation naturally. Stress-management tools also play a role in reducing pain perception and improving daily function.

Q: Can I stop taking tramadol suddenly, or do I need to taper off?
A: Tramadol should not be stopped abruptly, especially if you’ve been using it regularly for more than a few weeks. Sudden discontinuation can trigger withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, sweating, tremors, sleep disturbances, irritability, nausea, and flu-like sensations. To reduce these effects and avoid unnecessary discomfort, clinicians typically recommend gradually tapering the dose under medical supervision.

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What is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)?

A structural molecule that forms and stabilizes cell membranes

A cellular coenzyme involved in metabolic and signaling reactions

NAD+ acts as a cellular coenzyme that supports metabolic and signaling reactions tied to energy production and mitochondrial function. Learn more.

A hormone that regulates blood sugar and insulin activity
A neurotransmitter that sends rapid signals between neurons

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) may be one of the most overlooked factors when it comes to optimizing cellular health. It is a cellular coenzyme that plays a role in many metabolic and signaling reactions.

For example, it partakes in redox reactions — chemical exchanges that transfer energy between molecules — which lead to the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), your body’s energy currency.1 In fact, research shows that a deficiency is linked to an array of conditions, such as sarcopenia and diabetes.2

But that’s not all — Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia,3 has now been linked to declining NAD+ levels. Following this line of thought, emerging research shows that boosting NAD+ intake can reverse the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. This discovery could be one of the biggest breakthroughs in recent times, as most people believe that Alzheimer’s only worsens the longer it goes,4 and treatment focuses on slowing decline rather than reversing it.

Video Link

Restoring Brain Energy Reversed Advanced Alzheimer’s in Animal Models

A study published in Cell Reports Medicine set out to discover how Alzheimer’s disease can be reversed by boosting NAD+ levels. For the experiment, the researchers used multiple mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease that already showed severe cognitive impairment, brain inflammation, tau pathology, and structural brain damage.5

Mice were administered P7C3-A20 at a dosage of 10 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) of weight each day. Analysis involved observing changes across behavior, brain chemistry, and physical brain structure. For context, P7C3-A20 is a carbazole compound that can readily cross the blood-brain barrier. It works by binding to NAMPT (an enzyme that controls how much NAD+ is made from niacinamide) to enhance NAD+ production6 at safe levels.

• One striking finding is the rate of improvement — The authors reported that in treated mice, cognitive function recovered fully, meaning their memory performance returned to levels seen in healthy animals. These mice performed just as well as non-diseased controls on learning and memory tests.

• What changed inside the brain samples — Multiple hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease improved at the same time. Tau pathology, which refers to tangled protein structures that disrupt neuron function, decreased after NAD+ restoration. Neuroinflammation markers dropped, indicating a calmer immune environment in the brain. Signals of oxidative stress and DNA damage — both signs of energy failure inside cells — also declined.

• Results were observed right away — The intervention occurred after the disease had fully developed in these animals. Again, this directly challenges the long-standing belief that Alzheimer’s damage becomes permanent once it crosses a certain threshold.

• Other disease models were used to solidify the findings — The researchers tested the same approach in two different forms of Alzheimer’s pathology. In amyloid-driven mice and in tau-driven PS19 mice, restoring NAD+ reversed advanced disease features. That distinction matters because amyloid and tau represent different biological drivers of Alzheimer’s. Seeing improvement in both strengthens the argument that NAD+ disruption sits upstream of these visible brain lesions.

• Blood biomarkers also benefited — Treated animals showed reduced levels of phosphorylated tau 217, a biomarker now used clinically to track Alzheimer’s severity. This helps bridge the gap between animal research and its implications for Alzheimer’s disease in humans.

• At the center of all the changes is NAD+ homeostasis — NAD+ is required for cells to convert nutrients into usable energy and to repair daily damage to proteins and DNA. That said, the study found that Alzheimer’s disease severity correlated with how disrupted NAD+ balance became in the brain. In other words, as energy systems failed, disease features worsened and restoring that balance reversed the cascade.

The researchers described this as a “resilience” model rather than a single-target approach. Instead of attacking amyloid alone or tau alone, restoring NAD+ stabilized multiple systems at once — energy production, inflammation control, blood-brain barrier integrity, and cellular repair. Thus, the findings reframe Alzheimer’s as a system-level energy failure rather than a mystery buildup of toxic debris in the brain.

• Human relevance strengthened the findings further — Using human brain samples and sophisticated molecular analysis techniques, the authors reported that NAD+ disruption also tracked with Alzheimer’s severity in people. They identified overlapping biological nodes between mice and humans that responded to restored NAD+ balance.

• Mechanistic explanation of the benefits — The paper explained that NAD+ acts as a central coordinator for enzymes involved in DNA repair, mitochondrial function, and stress resistance. When NAD+ levels fall, these systems stall. Neurons, which require constant energy, suffer first. Restoring NAD+ reactivated these pathways simultaneously.

The study also highlighted why focusing solely on plaques has delivered limited success. Amyloid and tau accumulation appeared downstream of NAD+ disruption rather than as isolated causes. Once energy systems failed, the brain lost its ability to manage protein turnover, immune balance, and structural integrity. Fixing the upstream energy deficit corrected multiple downstream failures at once.

From a practical standpoint, the findings support the idea that improving cellular energy changes the trajectory of Alzheimer’s disease rather than simply slowing damage. It shows that neurons under metabolic stress can recover when you address cellular energy production at its root.

NAD+ Restores Memory by Rewriting Neuronal Instructions

In a related study published in Science Advances, researchers examined how restoring NAD+ reverses Alzheimer’s features inside brain cells from a genetic perspective. Specifically, the researchers focused on gene regulation, which influences how neurons read and process instructions that control memory and brain resilience.7

• Core findings of the analysis — Increasing NAD+ corrected widespread errors in gene instruction processing and restored memory performance, but only when a specific control protein, EVA1C, remained intact. When this was suppressed, the memory benefit disappeared, even with NAD+ restoration.

Another important improvement that was observed is memory retention. Animals receiving NAD+ showed clear restoration of learning and recall ability, measured through standardized behavioral tests used in neuroscience research. When researchers interfered with EVA1C expression in the hippocampus, those gains vanished, even though NAD+ levels rose.

• A deeper look into the mechanism at play — The study showed that NAD+ corrected abnormal alternative splicing events across many genes. For context, alternative splicing refers to how cells assemble genetic instructions before building proteins.

Think of the process as editing a recipe. If the editing goes wrong, the cell produces dysfunctional proteins. In Alzheimer’s models, these editing errors appeared widespread. NAD+ restored normal editing patterns, but only through EVA1C.

• The largest benefits appeared in hippocampal neurons — This is especially observed within the CA1 region. For context, the hippocampus is the brain’s memory hub, and CA1 neurons act as a relay station for forming and retrieving memories. When EVA1C levels dropped in this region, NAD+ no longer improved memory performance.

• Comparisons between test variables — NAD+ alone improved memory only when EVA1C function remained intact. Meanwhile, EVA1C suppression alone worsened memory outcomes even when energy levels improved. This shows that NAD+ and EVA1C did not work independently — they functioned as a linked system, with EVA1C acting as the gatekeeper for the cognitive benefits of NAD+.

The study also included human data. Researchers reported that EVA1C expression was reduced in the hippocampus of participants with Alzheimer’s disease compared to cognitively normal controls.

• A closer analysis of the mechanisms involved — Ribonucleic acid (RNA) splicing determines which protein versions neurons produce. In Alzheimer’s disease, incorrect splicing led to dysfunctional proteins that weaken synapses and disrupt communication between brain cells. Now, NAD+ restored normal splicing patterns by regulating EVA1C activity, which stabilized protein production inside neurons.

Again, the researchers emphasized that this process represented a form of resilience. Neurons did not simply slow deterioration — they regained the ability to produce functional proteins required for learning and memory.

Before Boosting Levels, It’s Important to Get a Baseline

Based on the findings, boosting NAD+ has enormous potential when it comes to managing Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, testing your current levels is important, as it would be wise not to take any supplement without proper direction or planning.

• A new test will be launched in the future — I’m excited to introduce the upcoming Mitochondrial Wellness Test Kit, which is designed to offer you a current snapshot of your mitochondrial function. While this provides an overview, additional targeted testing may still be needed to fully understand the more intricate nuances of your health.

• Existing NAD+ tests fall short — NAD+ is highly unstable once it’s outside the cells and degrades quickly, making reliable measurement difficult. To maintain accuracy, it requires immediate processing and advanced laboratory methods.

In practice, this means blood samples need to be collected and analyzed rapidly within the same research facility, which is not possible at most clinics. Moreover, transporting samples between labs further compromises integrity. Despite these obstacles, my team and I have remained committed to advancing practical health testing for everyone.

• A higher standard for NAD+ assessment — Mercola Labs is developing a novel solution that avoids the pitfalls of measuring NAD+. Instead, we assess NAD+ levels by analyzing redox balance among these essential biomarkers — acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate, lactate and pyruvate, and the oxidized and reduced forms of glutathione. Additional details will be shared closer to release.

Niacinamide Supports NAD+ Production

Taking niacinamide is a convenient way of boosting your NAD+ levels. However, this approach calls for precision and balance — the reason why I encourage proper testing. While high doses have shown benefits in clinical settings, smaller and consistent amounts are far more appropriate for everyday use. This approach supports mitochondrial and metabolic function without placing unnecessary stress on the body, since excessive intake can disrupt methylation pathways and raise the risk of adverse events over time.

• Take small, evenly distributed daily doses — For daily support, take 50 milligrams of niacinamide three times per day. This modest dose supports NAD+ production without the risks associated with high-dose vitamin B3 supplementation. You can even divide it into four servings per day. Take one dose upon waking, one before bed, and space the remaining doses evenly throughout the day.

• Excessive B3 intake can be counterproductive — Taking too much vitamin B3, whether as niacin or niacinamide, will lead to negative outcomes. Research cited by the Cleveland Clinic indicates that high doses can increase cardiovascular risk.8 Although both compounds are forms of vitamin B3, niacin does not activate NAMPT the way niacinamide does, making niacinamide the preferred option.

• Don’t forget the other B vitamins — Adequate intake of other B vitamins is essential for overall health and mitochondrial function, particularly niacin, riboflavin, and folate. Suboptimal mitochondrial health is often linked to B-vitamin deficiencies,9 which can typically be corrected with a low-dose, high-quality B-complex supplement.

When it comes to food sources, vitamin B3 is abundant in grass fed beef and mushrooms.10 Vitamin B6 is found in grass fed beef, potatoes, and bananas.11 Folate (vitamin B9) is plentiful in spinach, broccoli, and asparagus,12 while vitamin B12 is concentrated in foods such as grass fed beef liver, wild rainbow trout, and wild sockeye salmon.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About NAD+ and Its Link to Alzheimer’s Disease

Q: What is NAD+ and why is it essential for cellular and brain health?
A: NAD+ is a core cellular coenzyme required for energy production, mitochondrial function, DNA repair, and metabolic signaling. Low NAD+ levels impair cellular energy and are linked to aging, metabolic disease, and neurodegeneration.

Q: How is NAD+ connected to Alzheimer’s disease progression?
A: Research shows Alzheimer’s disease severity correlates with disrupted NAD+ balance. Declining NAD+ levels impairs neuronal energy, repair, and resilience, suggesting the condition is driven by upstream energy failure rather than plaque buildup alone.

Q: Can restoring NAD+ reverse Alzheimer’s-related damage?
A: In advanced animal models, restoring NAD+ led to full cognitive recovery, reduced inflammation, improved tau pathology, and lower blood biomarkers, even after severe disease was established, challenging the idea of irreversible damage.

Q: How does NAD+ improve memory at a genetic and cellular level?
A: NAD+ restores proper gene instruction processing through EVA1C-dependent RNA splicing, particularly in hippocampal neurons. This allows neurons to rebuild functional proteins required for learning and memory, promoting true neuronal recovery.

Q: What is the safest way to support NAD+ levels?
A: Modest, consistent niacinamide dosing, combined with adequate B vitamins, supports NAD+ production safely without disrupting methylation or increasing health risks.

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Which type of oil supplies linoleic acid that accumulates in tissues and drives inflammation?

Seed oils

Seed oils are rich in linoleic acid, which oxidizes easily, builds up in tissues, and fuels inflammatory damage inside arteries for years before symptoms appear. Learn more.

Olive oil
Beef tallow
Ghee

If you wake up tired despite eight hours in bed, if your workouts leave you depleted instead of energized, if you feel like you’re running on fumes no matter how well you eat — your stress response is likely stuck in overdrive. This pattern has a name in traditional medicine. For centuries, Ayurvedic practitioners recognized it as a state of depletion requiring restoration, not more effort.

The remedy they reached for was ashwagandha, a root classified as an adaptogen, meaning it helps your body adapt to stress by restoring balance rather than forcing a response in one direction. Unlike stimulants that push energy or sedatives that suppress it, adaptogens support equilibrium. That ancient intuition now has modern validation.

Stress is woven into daily life in ways that are easy to normalize and hard to escape. Long work hours, irregular sleep, and relentless mental load quietly shift your body into chronic strain. Over time, that strain shows up as poor sleep, unstable energy, slower recovery, and a feeling that your body doesn’t fully reset — symptoms often ignored until performance, health, or motivation starts to slide.

Athletic training magnifies this problem rather than offsetting it. Physical effort demands recovery, and when stress stays elevated, recovery remains incomplete. Picture someone who trains four days a week, eats clean, and still can’t shake the brain fog or build the muscle they expect. They assume they need to train harder or find a new diet.

But when stress hormones run constantly high, the body treats every workout as another threat to survive rather than a stimulus to adapt to. No amount of effort overcomes that biochemical roadblock.

At the center of this connection sits the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, or HPA axis, your body’s stress thermostat. When it’s working properly, it ramps up cortisol to meet a challenge, then dials back down once the threat passes. Chronic stress miscalibrates this thermostat, leaving it stuck in the “on” position, pumping cortisol even when there’s no real threat.

Ashwagandha helps recalibrate this system so your body recognizes when it’s actually safe to rest and repair. Its active compounds, called withanolides, modulate stress signaling, support calming neurotransmitter activity, and provide antioxidant protection. Understanding these connections sets the stage for examining why ashwagandha has become a focus of serious scientific interest and what the research shows when stress regulation moves back in the right direction.

Ashwagandha Improves Stress, Hormones, and Recovery in Active Adults

A paper published in the Journal of Education, Health and Sport analyzed human clinical trials that examined ashwagandha supplementation in relation to cortisol control, testosterone balance, and physical recovery outcomes.1

The researchers focused on randomized, placebo-controlled studies conducted in adults between 2010 and 2025, prioritizing trials that measured objective markers such as blood hormones, aerobic capacity, and recovery indices. The goal was to determine whether ashwagandha meaningfully improves how the body handles stress and rebounds from physical demand.

• Ashwagandha benefits adults under psychological or physical strain — The review highlighted consistent benefits in chronically stressed adults, physically active individuals, and athletes exposed to demanding training loads. These groups showed measurable reductions in stress markers alongside improvements in perceived stress, anxiety scores, and physical readiness.

This matters because stress-related fatigue and stalled recovery often share the same root: excessive cortisol signaling.

• Cortisol dropped at a rate that clearly separated ashwagandha from placebo — One standout trial gave stressed adults 300 milligrams (mg) of ashwagandha root extract twice daily for 60 days. Their cortisol dropped 27.9% — nearly four times the reduction seen in the placebo group. That gap represents a meaningful shift from chronic stress physiology toward recovery physiology.

For someone running on stress hormones, a 28% drop in cortisol could mean finally sleeping through the night, waking up without an alarm, or noticing that afternoon slump disappears. Cortisol drives muscle breakdown, sleep disruption, and hormonal suppression when it stays elevated. So, lower cortisol shifts your body out of constant defense mode and back into repair.

• Multiple stress-related outcomes improved at the same time — Beyond cortisol, participants reported lower perceived stress scores and improved emotional stability across several trials. Anxiety ratings dropped, sleep quality improved, and subjective fatigue declined.

These outcomes cascade: lower stress hormones enable deeper sleep, deeper sleep accelerates recovery, faster recovery unlocks training gains. One improvement sets the next in motion. Rather than forcing performance, the herb supported the HPA axis, helping the body respond appropriately instead of overreacting.

• Hormonal balance shifted in a favorable direction — The review reported repeated findings of increased testosterone and DHEA-S levels, especially in physically active men and older adults with lower baseline hormone levels. Testosterone supports muscle repair, strength development, and motivation.

DHEA-S is a precursor hormone, a building block your body uses to make testosterone and estrogen. When chronic stress depletes it, your hormonal reserves run low. Restoring DHEA-S helps replenish that reserve tank. Importantly, these increases appeared alongside cortisol reductions, not through overstimulation.

Cortisol and testosterone have an inverse relationship — when one rises, the other tends to fall. This is why chronically stressed men often experience low testosterone symptoms (fatigue, reduced motivation, slow recovery) even when their levels test “normal.” By reducing cortisol, ashwagandha creates hormonal room for testosterone to rise naturally.

• Physical performance and recovery showed objective gains — Trials summarized in the review demonstrated improvements in VO2 max, a measure of how efficiently your body uses oxygen during exertion. A higher VO2 max means you can climb stairs, finish a workout, or keep up with your children without gasping for air. It’s the difference between feeling winded and feeling capable.

Participants also showed improved recovery and lower post-exercise fatigue scores, meaning they bounced back faster between training sessions.

Chronically elevated cortisol breaks down muscle tissue for fuel, impairs glycogen replenishment, and delays tissue repair. When cortisol normalizes, your body can finally use the protein you eat for building rather than burning, store carbohydrates efficiently in muscle, and repair micro-damage from training. The performance gains aren’t from stimulation — they’re from removing the brake that was preventing adaptation.

Most positive outcomes emerged after eight weeks or longer of daily supplementation. Short-term dosing produced smaller effects, while sustained use aligned with larger cortisol reductions and performance gains.

Why Ashwagandha’s Benefits Show Up Across Sleep, Metabolism, and Performance

These findings raised an obvious question: why does lowering cortisol produce such wide-ranging benefits? A review in Nutrition & Metabolism attempted to untangle the mechanisms.2 Rather than asking whether outcomes occur, this study focused on why they occur.

The review covered healthy adults, people under chronic psychological stress, recreational and trained athletes, and older adults experiencing fatigue or metabolic decline. Across these groups, improvements clustered around sleep quality, metabolic markers, and physical and mental performance.

• Sleep quality emerged as a primary driver of downstream benefits — Multiple randomized trials showed improvements in sleep onset time, total sleep duration, and sleep efficiency, especially at doses of 600 mg per day or higher over eight weeks or more. Sleep efficiency simply means how much time in bed you actually spend asleep.

Better sleep improves recovery, hormone balance, and next-day energy, which explains why performance metrics improve. The review detailed ashwagandha’s interaction with GABA receptors in the brain, which helps quiet overactive neural signaling tied to poor sleep and anxiety. GABA acts like the brain’s “off switch” for racing thoughts. When ashwagandha enhances GABA activity, it’s easier for your mind to quiet down at night instead of replaying the day’s stressors on a loop.

• Stress markers improved alongside sleep — The review reported consistent reductions in morning cortisol paired with better subjective stress scores and quality-of-life ratings. Morning cortisol reflects how hard your stress system runs at baseline. Lower values signal a calmer starting point each day, which supports steadier energy and emotional control.

• Metabolic health showed measurable improvement in several trials — Ashwagandha supplementation was linked to reductions in fasting blood glucose, insulin, and LDL cholesterol in adults. Lower insulin and glucose mean your cells handle fuel more efficiently. That efficiency supports endurance, reduces energy crashes, and speeds recovery between workouts.

• Body composition shifted in a favorable direction when paired with training — Trials summarized in the review showed greater muscle gains and fat reduction in participants who combined resistance training with ashwagandha supplementation compared to training alone. These changes tracked with improved sleep and lower stress hormones, not appetite suppression.

• Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways played a role — Human trials showed reductions in markers of oxidative stress along with increases in antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress is like rust accumulating inside your cells. Intense exercise, poor sleep, and chronic stress all accelerate this “rusting.” Ashwagandha helps your body produce more of its natural rust-proofing compounds. Lowering oxidative stress protects muscles, nerves, and mitochondria during repeated training.

This creates a virtuous cycle: lower cortisol enables deeper sleep. Deeper sleep enhances growth hormone release and tissue repair. Better recovery allows more productive training. More productive training builds fitness and resilience. Ashwagandha doesn’t create this cycle — it removes the cortisol block that was preventing it from turning.

Most benefits emerged after four to 12 weeks, with stronger outcomes at eight weeks or longer. Shorter trials showed smaller shifts. Across dozens of trials using 300 to 600 mg daily for up to 12 weeks, researchers reported no meaningful changes in blood counts, thyroid markers, or vital signs. Mild side effects occurred at similar rates in placebo groups. Rare liver injury cases resolved after stopping supplementation, reinforcing the importance of appropriate dosing and quality control.

How to Lower Stress Load and Recover Faster on Purpose

When your body feels stuck in survival mode, pushing harder rarely fixes the problem. High stress keeps cortisol elevated, which interferes with sleep, recovery, and training progress. The goal here is to calm the stress-response system first, then build habits that help your body repair and regain momentum instead of spinning its wheels.

1. Lower daily stress signals — If you wake up tired, feel on edge during the day, or notice that workouts leave you wiped out instead of energized, your nervous system is under constant pressure. Start with simple changes. Anchor your sleep with consistency: same bedtime, same wake time, even on weekends.
Dim lights after sunset, since bright screens tell your brain it’s still daytime. Treat the last hour before bed as a decompression zone, not a time to catch up on email. These habits reduce baseline cortisol and make ashwagandha far more effective instead of asking it to fight constant stress noise on its own.

2. Use ashwagandha to calm your system, not to push harder — When stress hormones stay high, adding stimulants or training intensity makes things worse. Ashwagandha works best as a steady, daily support that helps quiet stress signaling. If you’re mentally overloaded, training often, or sleeping lightly, consistency matters more than timing tricks. The real benefit comes when your body finally gets the message that it doesn’t need to stay on high alert.

3. Match your workouts to what your body can actually recover from — Too much intense exercise causes more harm than good. Long, exhausting sessions drive cortisol even higher and slow recovery. Moderate-intensity workouts, like walking, combined with shorter, focused workouts and real rest days protects recovery hormones. When stress drops, ashwagandha supports adaptation instead of acting as damage control.

4. Keep your blood sugar steady to avoid hidden stress spikes — Energy crashes act like stress to your body. If you feel shaky, irritable, or drained between meals, cortisol rises to fill the gap. Regular meals with enough carbohydrates and protein help keep energy steady throughout the day.

When blood sugar crashes, your body releases cortisol to compensate — it’s an emergency fuel system. Preventing those crashes with regular, balanced meals keeps cortisol from spiking unnecessarily. Start by aiming for 250 grams of carbs per day, which supports sustained metabolic health and ensures that your mitochondria function efficiently.

Prioritize easy-to-digest options like fruit and white rice. When your gut is ready, meaning no bloating and no irregular bowel movements, gradually add in root vegetables, then legumes, additional vegetables, and well-tolerated whole grains.

5. Give your body enough time to reset — Stress doesn’t unwind overnight. If you’re coming out of burnout, heavy training, or long-term pressure, your nervous system needs repeated signals that things are safe again. Staying consistent with sleep, nutrition, recovery-focused training, and daily ashwagandha use for at least eight weeks allows cortisol to settle, sleep to deepen, and energy to return.

Performance improves as a result, not by forcing it. If you are an athlete, a busy professional, or someone who simply feels run down, this approach helps your body stop fighting itself and start rebuilding again.

6. Choose a quality ashwagandha extract and use it consistently — Not all ashwagandha products are equal. Look for root extract (not leaf) standardized to contain a consistent percentage of withanolides, the active compounds responsible for stress-lowering effects. Capsules offer convenience; powders can be mixed into smoothies or warm milk (a traditional Ayurvedic preparation).

Aim for 300 to 600 mg daily, taken morning or evening — some prefer evening due to the calming effects. Plan for at least eight weeks of consistent use before evaluating results. The benefits build gradually as your stress signaling recalibrates.

Signs ashwagandha is working often appear gradually: falling asleep faster, waking feeling more refreshed, steadier energy without caffeine dependence, better workout recovery, and a general sense of feeling less “wired but tired.” Consider keeping a simple journal of sleep quality and energy levels for the first eight weeks.

Those with autoimmune thyroid conditions should consult their doctor, as ashwagandha stimulates thyroid function. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid it due to insufficient safety data. If you take sedatives, thyroid medications, or immunosuppressants, check with your health care provider first.

FAQs About Ashwagandha

Q: What does ashwagandha actually help with?
A: Ashwagandha helps lower chronic stress by reducing cortisol, which supports better sleep, steadier energy, hormonal balance, and faster physical recovery. When stress signaling calms down, your body shifts out of breakdown mode and back into repair.

Q: Who benefits the most from using ashwagandha?
A: The higher your baseline stress, the more room there is for improvement. Someone already sleeping well with low anxiety may notice little change. Someone running on fumes, sleeping poorly, and feeling constantly on edge often notices significant shifts within weeks. This includes athletes, highly active adults, busy professionals, and anyone dealing with poor sleep, fatigue, or slow recovery.

Q: How long does it take to notice results?
A: Most clinical benefits show up after consistent daily use for at least eight weeks. Shorter use produces smaller effects, while longer, steady use aligns with deeper cortisol reduction, improved sleep quality, and better recovery.

Q: Does ashwagandha work on its own, or does lifestyle still matter?
A: Ashwagandha works best when stressors are reduced at the same time. Consistent sleep schedules, appropriate exercise intensity, and stable blood sugar allow the herb to reinforce calm stress signaling instead of fighting constant overload.

Q: Is ashwagandha safe when used correctly?
A: Clinical trials using standard doses for up to 12 weeks report no meaningful changes in blood markers or vital signs, with mild side effects occurring at rates similar to placebo. Using appropriate doses and high-quality preparations supports safe, predictable results.

You’ve done everything right. You’ve chosen organic produce, filtered your water, avoided alcohol during pregnancy. You’re breastfeeding your baby, knowing it’s the gold standard for infant nutrition. But new research reveals an uncomfortable truth: your breast milk also carries a chemical signature of modern life — traces of plastics from takeout containers, disinfectants from household cleaners, pesticides from conventional produce, even breakdown products of medications taken years ago.1

Early development depends on tightly regulated hormonal and metabolic signaling. When hormone-disrupting chemicals appear during this stage, researchers pay close attention, even when levels are low. These chemicals mimic natural hormones like estrogen or block hormone receptors, interfering with growth signals, metabolism, and brain development during a period when these systems are still forming.

What stands out in this research is not the presence of one dominant toxin, but the repeated detection of many different chemicals that originate from routine activities such as food storage, household cleaning, and personal care product use.

At the same time, breast milk remains the gold standard for infant nutrition, delivering immune protection and biological signals that no substitute matches. The concern is not whether breastfeeding is safe, but how modern environments influence what passes through breast milk — and its effects on future generations.

Breast Milk Carries a Mixture of Modern Industrial Chemicals

Researchers from McGill University used a non-targeted screening approach — essentially casting a wide net to identify any chemical signature present, rather than testing for a predetermined list of suspects.2 Think of it as the difference between searching for specific known criminals versus photographing everyone who passes through airport security to see who shows up.

Most safety testing evaluates chemicals in isolation — as if you encounter BPA alone, without simultaneous exposure to phthalates, parabens, and pesticides. But daily life doesn’t work that way. You’re exposed to dozens of chemicals simultaneously through food, air, water, and products. Regulatory science hasn’t caught up to this reality. The researchers analyzed 594 human milk samples collected in Montreal, Canada, and in Vhembe and Pretoria, South Africa, between 2018 and 2019, with eye-opening results.

• The study revealed chemicals that had never been reported in human milk before — Among the newly identified substances were antimicrobial preservatives, which appear in soaps, disinfectants, and personal care products. Plastic-related antioxidant additives also showed up, reflecting exposure from food packaging and manufactured materials. For parents, this confirms that everyday products leave biological traces in breast milk, even without obvious overuse.

• Agricultural and household chemicals appeared alongside personal-care residues — The researchers also detected propanil, an agricultural herbicide, and chloroxylenol, an antimicrobial common in household disinfectants. None of these compounds had been previously documented in human milk.

• Medication byproducts offered a real-world snapshot of treatment history — In samples from South Africa, scientists identified a breakdown product of efavirenz, a medication once widely used to treat HIV. When chemicals enter your body, they don’t necessarily stay in their original form. Your liver and other organs chemically modify them into metabolites — breakdown products that can be more or less toxic than the parent compound.

This is why researchers now track both the original chemicals and their transformed versions. According to study co-author Stéphane Bayen, the presence of the HIV drug breakdown product indicated maternal use during or before the sample years, before treatment guidelines changed after 2019. This shows how past medical decisions remain visible in biological samples years later.

Bayen described the results as evidence that people experience a “complex cocktail of chemical residues,” shaped by diet, environment, and lifestyle. This matters because chemicals rarely act alone. Two chemicals that seem safe individually might amplify each other’s effects when combined — or create entirely new effects. Regulatory testing evaluates one chemical at a time, but your baby receives them all at once.

• Some chemical levels correlated with measurable infant outcomes — Concentrations of certain chemicals, including bisphenol A and bisphenol AF, aligned with altered growth patterns among South African infants. Jonathan Chevrier, an associate professor of epidemiology involved in the work, stressed that this was the first study of its kind and that replication remains necessary before drawing firm conclusions. Still, this link explains why scientists track growth signals so closely during infancy.

• Breast milk remains the gold standard for infant nutrition — Bayen stated that the detected substances appeared at low concentrations and that the health effects of many remain unknown. Establishing baseline data allows regulators and scientists to expand testing targets beyond the usual suspects.

That creates a practical pathway for reducing exposure over time instead of guessing where risks originate. Once you understand the exposure pathways — how these chemicals travel from products to your bloodstream to your milk — the leverage points for intervention become obvious. You can’t control industrial contamination of the entire food supply, but you can control whether you microwave leftovers in plastic or store them in glass.

5 Separate Studies Point to the Same Exposure Problem

The McGill research didn’t rely on one analysis. It drew from five separate studies, each asking a different question about what ends up in breast milk, how those chemicals get there, and whether they relate to infant growth or development. Together, these studies show not only what turns up in human milk, but also how replacement chemicals, household habits, and regional differences shape what infants receive during a critical stage of growth.

• Bisphenols in breast milk linked to measurable changes in infant growth — A study published in Environmental Research examined bisphenols — plastic-related chemicals that disrupt hormones — in breast milk from South Africa and Canada.3 Levels of BPA, BPS, and BPAF were highest in rural South Africa and lowest in Montreal, where only BPS was detected.

Microwaving food in plastic containers and maternal diet strongly influenced exposure. Among South African infants, BPAF aligned with greater body length and head circumference, while higher BPA aligned with smaller head size.

This contradictory pattern reveals a problem with chemical substitution: manufacturers replace BPA with structurally similar cousins (BPS, BPAF), assuming safety, but these “replacements” interact with the body’s hormone receptors in entirely different ways. Same chemical family, opposite biological effects.

• Testing revealed chlorinated chemicals not previously found in human milk — Research published in Exposome used a broad scanning method rather than a preset chemical list.4 This approach identified six chlorinated compounds, including disinfectant antimicrobials, pesticide-related chemicals, a UV filter, and a breakdown product of an HIV medication.

Several of these substances had never been reported in human milk before. The findings show that standard testing overlooks meaningful exposures from cleaning products, agriculture, and medical treatments combined.

• Plastic substitutes appeared alongside the chemicals they replaced — A Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology study looked beyond BPA and searched for structurally similar replacements.5

Researchers identified 11 additional compounds, including chemicals used in thermal receipt paper, ultraviolet filters, and synthetic antioxidants. Two plastic stabilizers were detected in human milk for the first time. This demonstrates that removing one known chemical often results in exposure to newer alternatives rather than true reduction.

• Parabens showed up in multiple processed forms, not just their original state — A Chemosphere study focused on parabens, preservatives common in cosmetics and personal care products.6 Scientists identified common parabens, newly recognized parabens, and sulfated forms that show how the body chemically modifies these compounds.

Some parabens appeared only in South African samples. The same analysis detected phthalates, PFAS, and even a tire-related chemical, illustrating how environmental contamination reaches breast milk through indirect and unexpected routes.

• Country-specific patterns revealed chemical substitution rather than elimination — An Environmental Pollution study measured nine bisphenols using a sensitive extraction method.7 South African samples showed higher BPA levels, mostly in processed form, while Canadian samples showed a shift away from BPA toward BPS. BPAF appeared only in South Africa. These findings show that regulatory changes often swap one chemical for another, leaving overall exposure intact rather than reduced.

Practical Steps to Reduce Chemical Exposure While Protecting Your Baby

These findings might feel overwhelming — and the instinct might be to panic or dismiss breastfeeding altogether. But breast milk remains the best source of infant nutrition — irreplaceable, in fact — even in a world saturated with environmental chemicals. The goal here is not to create fear around breastfeeding.

The goal is to reduce the everyday exposures that contribute to chemical residues in human milk. When daily habits change, what transfers to your baby changes as well. That gives you meaningful control at a time when control often feels limited.

1. Keep breastfeeding as the nutritional foundation — If you’re breastfeeding, staying the course supports your baby’s immune defenses, gut development, and brain growth, while supplying antibodies, enzymes, and hormones that help guide healthy metabolism.

The researchers behind the breast milk findings stated clearly that breast milk remains ideal for infants because it delivers nutrition and immune protection no substitute can match. Lowering environmental exposure strengthens these benefits by reducing what transfers alongside those protective compounds rather than replacing breastfeeding itself.

2. Filter your drinking water — Drinking water and cooking water contribute to ongoing chemical intake, including residues from pesticides, plastics, and disinfectants. Install a high-quality water filtration system to intercept contaminants before they enter every glass of water you drink, every meal you cook, and every bottle you prepare. This single step lowers cumulative intake without changing routines.

3. Simplify personal care and household products — Many of the unexpected compounds identified in breast milk trace back to soaps, disinfectants, and cosmetic products. Reducing the number of products you use each day lowers the number of preservatives and antimicrobial agents absorbed through your skin.

Fewer products create fewer exposure pathways. Choosing natural personal care products and cleaning agents, or making your own at home, also reduces your exposure to toxic chemicals. Specific swaps that matter:

• Replace antibacterial hand soap with natural soap
• Skip body lotions with long ingredient lists; use organic coconut oil instead
• Eliminate triclosan-containing toothpaste (check labels)
• Make a simple deodorant from baking soda and coconut oil

4. Limit plastic contact with food and beverages — Plastic-related additives detected in breast milk originate largely from food packaging and storage materials. Switch to glass, stainless steel, or ceramic containers to eliminate contact with plastic stabilizers and antioxidants — especially when heating food, since heat dramatically accelerates chemical migration into whatever you’re eating or drinking. Prioritize these changes in order of impact:

• Don’t microwave in plastic (this showed the strongest correlation with BPA levels in the research)
• Switch hot food/beverage containers first (coffee cup lids, takeout containers for hot food, plastic wrap touching hot dishes)
• Replace plastic food storage gradually with glass (mason jars work for most needs; focus on acidic foods like tomato sauce first, as acids leach more chemicals)
• Avoid canned foods with BPA linings
• Don’t reuse disposable plastic bottles (reuse increases leaching)

5. Use my homemade formula recipe if breastfeeding is not possible — Some parents can’t breastfeed, and that reality deserves a practical solution. In those cases, my homemade formula recipe avoids industrial seed oils and unnecessary additives common in commercial formulas. This option allows greater control over ingredients and reduces exposure to avoidable contaminants.

Below is my preferred dairy-based formula, which will make 36 ounces of milk. If you need to make large batches to last several days, you can do so, but make sure to freeze the finished product. For children who are unable to tolerate milk proteins, I recommend trying my hypoallergenic milk formula instead.

Healthy Homemade Infant Formula

Procedure

1. Warm 1 7/8 cups of filtered water (to get this amount, measure out 2 cups of water and remove 2 tablespoons) over medium heat.
2. Add 2 teaspoons of grass fed beef gelatin and 4 tablespoons of lactose to the water; occasionally stir until dissolved.
3. Place 2 cups of raw organic whole cow’s milk into a clean glass blender. Add the remainder of ingredients to the blender:

• 1/4 cup of liquid homemade whey (for instructions, see Pope’s video. You can also visit the Weston A. Price Foundation’s website for their own homemade whey recipe)
• 2 to 3 tablespoons of raw cream
• 1/4 teaspoon acerola powder
• 1/4 teaspoon bifidobacterium infantis (a probiotic)
• 2 teaspoons Frontier Brand nutritional yeast flakes
• 1/2 teaspoon high-quality non-fermented cod liver oil. You could substitute the cod liver oil with wild-caught Alaskan Salmon oil or krill oil
• 1 teaspoon coconut oil
• 1 teaspoon organic ghee

4. Remove the pot of water from the stove. Add 2 teaspoons of coconut oil and 1/4 teaspoon high-vitamin butter oil to the water to melt. Once melted, add the water mixture to the blender ingredients and blend for about three to five seconds.

5. Pour the blended ingredients into glass jars or glass baby bottles and refrigerate. Before feeding, warm the formula by placing the glass bottle in a pot of hot water. A baby bottle warmer can also be used. Never microwave infant formula, as this will destroy many valuable nutrients and enzymes and pose a burn risk.

FAQS About Chemicals in Breast Milk

Q: Why are chemicals showing up in breast milk at all?
A: Breast milk reflects a mother’s daily environment. Chemicals from plastics, pesticides, disinfectants, and personal care products enter your body through food, water, air, and skin contact, then transfer into milk in small amounts.

Q: Does the presence of these chemicals mean breast milk is unsafe?
A: No. The researchers emphasized that breast milk remains the gold standard for infant nutrition because it delivers immune protection, hormones, enzymes, and growth signals no substitute can replicate.

Q: Which everyday habits most strongly influence exposure?
A: Studies linked higher chemical levels to common behaviors such as microwaving food in plastic containers, frequent use of personal care products, contact with food packaging, and environmental contamination tied to diet and household products.

Q: Are all plastic-related chemicals the same in how they affect infants?
A: No. Different bisphenols behaved differently. Some aligned with larger infant growth measures, while others aligned with smaller head size, showing that chemical substitutes do not act the same in the body.

Q: What matters most for parents who want to reduce exposure?
A: The biggest leverage points are reducing plastic contact with food, improving water quality, simplifying personal care and cleaning products, and maintaining breastfeeding whenever possible to preserve its well-documented health benefits.

Every year, more than 5 million Americans are admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) to get life-saving treatment. Thanks to modern technology, survival rates have never been higher — however, recovery is often brutal. Up to 80% of ventilated patients experience delirium,1 and nearly half develop severe muscle weakness that can linger for months. These complications stretch hospital stays and drive costs, with ICU care expenditures averaging over $4,000 per day.2

Heavy reliance on sedatives and opioids adds another layer of risk. Ironically, the very drugs meant to ease suffering can slow recovery, extend time on mechanical ventilation, and leave patients mentally foggy for weeks after discharge.3 In response to these concerns, researchers are exploring gentler, complementary approaches to support healing — including acupuncture, a therapy rooted in ancient tradition.

Video Link

A Legacy of Helping People Feel Less Pain

Acupuncture has been practiced for over 2,500 years in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and is based on the concept of ‘Qi’ (pronounced ‘chee’) — energy that flows through the body via pathways called meridians. The procedure involves inserting hair-thin, sterile needles into specific points on the body.4

These needles activate nerve pathways that run to the brain and spinal cord, triggering the release of your body’s natural painkillers. Acupuncture also signals the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, the master control centers for hormones and immune function.5

Understanding how acupuncture works is important if you’re curious about its role in critical care. You’re about to learn why this ancient therapy is gaining attention as a supportive option for ICU patients.

Acupuncture Could Hold the Key to a Speedy Recovery

A mini-review published in Frontiers in Neurology6 examined whether acupuncture can help ill patients recover more quickly in ICUs. The authors reviewed randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and mechanistic studies to evaluate their strengths and limitations.7 They focused on ICU patients who often struggle with persistent pain, delirium, muscle weakness, and digestive problems after prolonged stays.8

• Acupuncture reduces dependence on drugs — Acupuncture, especially electroacupuncture (EA) and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS), is increasingly used in ICU recovery care. According to their findings, these approaches may reduce the need for sedatives and pain medications, help patients come off ventilators sooner, and shorten ICU stays.

• Muscle weakness improves with acupuncture — ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW), which involves significant muscle loss after extended hospital stays, impacts up to 50% of patients. Trials indicate that combining acupuncture with rehabilitation enhances muscle strength scores and reduces ventilation duration by approximately two days. Some studies also reported increased muscle thickness, suggesting improved recovery prospects.9

• Delirium-free days were reported — Recent studies suggest acupuncture may help prevent and treat delirium in ICU patients by balancing brain chemicals, calming inflammation, and supporting normal circadian rhythms. Early findings show more delirium-free days and lower delirium rates, though larger studies are still needed.

• Gut health benefits add another layer — Acupuncture helps normalize gut function by easing constipation and reducing diarrhea. Studies show it can increase bowel movements, relieve opioid-related constipation, and lower diarrhea rates in patients receiving tube feeding.

• What do the researchers say? — The authors stressed that acupuncture should be viewed as an add-on, not a replacement for standard treatments. They also added that:

“Current evidence shows that it can safely and effectively reduce dependence on analgesic and sedative drugs, facilitate ventilator weaning, mitigate ICU-AW, decrease the incidence of delirium, and improve gastrointestinal function.

These benefits position acupuncture as a reproducible, low-risk, and potentially individualized adjunct, particularly valuable when conventional therapies are limited by adverse effects.

Future research should prioritize large multicenter [Randomized Controlled Trials] or RCTs, establish standardized operating procedures and dose — response frameworks, and incorporate real-world data with long-term outcome measures.”

To build on these findings, another team of researchers reviewed additional studies to determine how often acupuncture helps ICU patients manage multiple symptoms and even prevent infections.

Acupuncture as a Complement to Shock and Sepsis Care

To determine whether acupuncture’s benefits extend beyond limited studies, a team of researchers analyzed 12 clinical trials involving 682 critically ill patients.10 The systematic review, published in the Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine in 2023, focused broadly on ICU care, but also touched on conditions like shock and sepsis, where acupuncture might offer supportive benefits. Here’s what the evidence suggests:

• Animal studies show heart benefits — In one experiment, stimulating a nerve similar to acupuncture reduced heart strain and improved blood flow. This effect may result from calming the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and blood pressure.

• Case reports hint at better blood flow — Stimulating acupoints on the legs and feet may help improve circulation in patients with shock (a life-threatening drop in blood flow). These findings are preliminary and require further research.

• Acupuncture may fight inflammation in sepsis — Sepsis is a severe infection that triggers widespread inflammation and organ stress. Studies suggest that acupuncture can lower inflammation, reduce cell damage caused by unstable molecules, and improve blood flow through tiny vessels that keep organs alive.

• Boosts immune defenses in lab tests — Electrically stimulating an acupoint below the knee increased immune cells like natural killer (NK) cells and T-cells, which help fight infections and maintain immune balance.

• Small trials show symptom improvement — Patients who received acupuncture along with standard care had lower sepsis severity scores and fewer inflammatory markers. Mortality didn’t change, but these results are encouraging for future research.

Acupuncture Framed as Whole-System Support in the ICU

A 2024 narrative review in the Eurasian Journal of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care takes a big-picture look at acupuncture in critical care. Their goal was to identify how it not only works for one symptom, but also supports the entire system during severe illness.11 The researchers examined acupuncture as a whole-body support tool, drawing on both traditional acupuncture theory and modern ICU practice. Here’s what they found:

• Acupuncture is designed to restore balance during critical illness — In the ICU, where multiple systems are under stress simultaneously, acupuncture may help stabilize the body rather than targeting a single symptom.

• Multiple ICU-related health concerns are addressed at the same time — The authors grouped acupuncture’s potential benefits into eight areas, including pain management, anxiety and stress relief, improving sleep quality, side effect reduction, respiratory problems, treatment of circulatory shock, nutritional support, and functional recovery after critical illness.

• Mental health and sleep take center stage — Anxiety and poor sleep weren’t treated as secondary issues. They’re highlighted as primary targets for acupuncture due to their impact on healing and overall well-being.

• Reducing side effects from drugs is a major benefit — By easing symptoms like pain or nausea, acupuncture could help lower medication doses, reducing risks from sedatives and opioids.

Acupuncture Can Help with Multiple Conditions

Providing support for ICU-related problems and alleviating chronic pain are just some of the health advantages associated with acupuncture. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it also shows promise for helping improve the following conditions:12

Neurological and pain-related conditions
Internal and digestive disorders
Women’s reproductive health
Other conditions

Headaches
Dysentery, acute bacillary
Dysmenorrhea
Allergic rhinitis (including hay fever)

Facial pain (including craniomandibular disorders)
Epigastralgia (peptic ulcer, gastritis, gastrospasm)
Induction of labor
Depression (including depressive neurosis and post-stroke depression)

Neck pain
Biliary colic
Malposition of fetus
Adverse reactions to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy

Knee and back pain
Renal colic

Sciatica
Morning sickness

Stroke
Leukopenia

Tennis elbow
Hypertension

Sprain
Hypotension

Rheumatoid arthritis
Nausea and vomiting

Pain in dentistry (including dental pain and temporomandibular dysfunction)

Postoperative pain

Thinking About Trying Out Acupuncture?

If you’re dealing with back pain or other nagging issues, acupuncture might be a natural way to find relief. It’s safe, effective, and supported by growing research — but it’s not something you can easily try at home. Ideally, acupuncture requires the help of a trained professional and needs to be done in a clean setting, using sterile, single-use needles. Here are tips to keep note of:13

1. Talk to your doctor first — Before booking your first session, check in with your primary care doctor. They’ll review your health history and make sure acupuncture is safe for your situation, especially if you’re pregnant, on blood thinners, or have cancer or a bleeding disorder.

2. Look for a licensed expert — In the U.S., choose someone with the credential LAc, short for licensed acupuncturist. This means they’ve passed national exams or met your state’s training requirements. If you’re outside the U.S., check with your local health board or traditional medicine council for certified providers.

3. Know what to expect at your visit — A typical acupuncture session lasts about an hour. Your first visit might run longer because you’ll discuss your symptoms and goals. The needling part usually takes 30 to 40 minutes, and you’ll rest quietly during that time.

4. Pay attention to how you feel afterward — Some people notice immediate results after one session, while others may need several. It’s common to feel sleepy, relaxed, or even more alert right after. You might also notice better sleep, digestion, or mood over time — your body will respond in its own way.

If you want to learn more about how it works, read, “Study Reveals Previously Unknown Mechanism Behind Acupuncture’s Ability to Reduce Pain.”

Not a Fan of Needles? Here’s How You Can Still Try Acupuncture

Acupuncture involves more than just needles — methods like electricity, lasers, and acupressure can also stimulate acupuncture points. For example, cancer patients receiving radiotherapy experienced reduced nausea and better sleep and mood, regardless of whether they received real or simulated acupuncture.

One popular needle-free technique is Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT), also called psychological acupressure. EFT involves tapping specific meridian points with the fingertips while focusing on a problem and voicing positive affirmations.14 This process helps clear emotional blocks and restore balance in your body’s energy system, which is essential for healing and overall well-being. You can practice EFT on your own, but for better results, working with a skilled practitioner is recommended.

Drug-Free Therapies That Support ICU Recovery

Acupuncture isn’t the only tool that helps the body heal without relying on more medications. ICU patients often deal with pain, sleep disruption, anxiety, and muscle weakness — issues that aren’t always solved with pharmaceutical interventions alone. You can also try out:

• Mindfulness practices — Practices like focused attention meditation can help dial down pain intensity. These techniques change how the brain interprets pain signals, offering relief with virtually no side effects.

•  Massage therapy — Massage has been shown to ease muscle tension, reduce anxiety, and improve sleep in patients recovering from surgery or critical illness. It’s a gentle, noninvasive option that may improve circulation and reduce discomfort associated with long-term bed rest.

• Music therapy — Live or recorded music — especially when personalized to the patient — has been shown to reduce ICU-related anxiety, lower blood pressure, and help calm patients during mechanical ventilation. Music stimulates brain areas involved in healing and relaxation, making it a powerful complement to acupuncture and other sensory-based therapies.

• Post-ICU lifestyle habits that help with recovery — After ICU discharge, implementing healthy lifestyle habits is vital to support the healing process. Here are important considerations to remember:

◦ Swap seed oils for stable fats — Too much linoleic acid (LA) from oils like soybean, corn, and sunflower drives chronic inflammation. Reducing LA to below 5 grams per day may support mitochondrial health and reduce oxidative stress in recovery. Cut out vegetable oils and choose stable fats like ghee or beef tallow.

If you want to take the guesswork out of seed oils, I recommend signing up for the Mercola Health Coach app, which is due out shortly. Its Seed Oil Sleuth feature will help you track your LA intake automatically.

◦ Eat more omega-3s from clean sources — Krill oil or wild-caught fish like Alaskan salmon help cool inflammation and protect cells. These fats support recovery of the heart, brain, and immune system after illness or trauma.

◦ Get regular, safe sun exposure — Sunlight boosts vitamin D, which plays a role in immune function and pain sensitivity. Just 15 to 30 minutes a day can help rebalance circadian rhythms and mood after hospitalization. However, make sure to eliminate LA from your diet for at least four to six months before getting peak midday sun exposure. Read “Beyond Vitamin D Production — How Sensible Sun Exposure Supports Overall Health” for more information.

Acupuncture isn’t here to replace modern medicine — it’s here to help the body remember how to heal. In the ICU, machines and medications keep patients stable, but recovery begins when balance returns. Even when illness drains strength, sleep, and clarity, acupuncture offers steady hope: it calms the nervous system, eases stress and pain, and creates the quiet conditions where healing can begin again.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About How Acupuncture Supports ICU Recovery

Q: What is acupuncture, and how does it work?
A: Acupuncture is a natural therapy that involves stimulating specific points on the body, usually with thin, sterile needles, to promote healing. It is based on the flow of ‘Qi’ (pronounced chee), or life energy. When Qi is blocked, pain and illness can develop. Acupuncture helps restore that flow, reducing pain, enhancing sleep, and supporting the immune system, all by activating the body’s own healing response.

Q: How can acupuncture help with inflammation and sepsis in ICU patients?
A: Studies suggest acupuncture may reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and tiny blood vessel damage seen in sepsis, while supporting immune balance. Small trials found lower sepsis severity scores, though it does not replace standard infection treatment.

Q: What ICU problems can acupuncture support at the same time?
A: Reviews report acupuncture may support pain control, anxiety and stress relief, sleep quality, reduced medication side effects, breathing support, circulation and immune function, digestion and nutrition, and physical recovery during critical illness.

Q: What role does EFT play in ICU-friendly acupuncture care?
A: Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) use fingertip tapping on acupuncture points to calm the nervous system and release emotional tension. It’s a needle-free option that offers many of acupuncture’s benefits for patients uncomfortable with or ineligible for needles.

Q: What lifestyle changes support drug-free recovery after ICU discharge?
A: Reducing seed oils, consuming clean omega-3s, and getting safe sunlight can decrease inflammation, aid immune repair, and restore your body’s rhythm — all without needing additional medications.

1 What is glyphosate’s primary role in conventional agriculture?

Killing weeds by disrupting plant growth pathways
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide designed to kill plants by blocking a metabolic process essential for their growth. Learn more.
Preventing insect infestations in crops
Increasing the vitamin content of grains
Speeding up seed germination in organic farms

2 What is a risk of excess high-intensity exercise?

Sleep quality may suffer because of extra energy
Metabolism may slow down, depending on genetics
Social anxiety may worsen especially for younger people
Mitochondria and glucose control get disrupted
Extreme training can shut down mitochondria and disrupt blood sugar control. Learn more.

3 What mainly changes in your brain after lots of short-form video exposure?

Language skills and creativity
Sense of humor and optimism
Impulse control and stress regulation
Short-form video habits can also affect your attention aside from your self-control, and how your brain regulates stress. Learn more.
Hand-eye coordination and reflexes

4 How long does it take to see improvements in liver health from regular exercise?

Within one to two weeks of starting activity
After several years of consistent training
Only once major weight loss occurs
Within eight to 12 weeks of consistent exercise
Studies show liver fat reduction usually appears within eight to 12 weeks, while programs lasting six months or longer deliver stronger, longer-lasting metabolic benefits. Learn more.

5 Which factor receives little research funding despite being a major driver of heart disease risk?

Genetic cholesterol disorders
Environmental and endothelial damage
Pollution, lead exposure, chronic stress, and vessel damage drive heart disease risk but attract little funding because they cannot be patented or monetized like drugs. Learn more.
Dietary cholesterol intake and monitoring
Optimal statin dosing strategies

6 Why did Europe release its first clinical guide for photobiomodulation (PBM) in cancer care?

To standardize supportive light-based care in oncology
A clinical guide provides consistent treatment standards, making it easier for cancer centers to use PBM safely and effectively across Europe. Learn more.
To replace chemotherapy with light-based treatments
To limit PBM use to experimental research only
To regulate cosmetic light therapy clinics

7 Where does Big Food concentrate much of its marketing?

Whole food co-ops and local markets
Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs)
Ultraprocessed foods aimed at children
Big Food targets children by marketing ultraprocessed snacks as fun, normalizing poor nutrition early. Learn more.
Public health clinics and nutritionists

Test Your Knowledge with
The Master Level Quiz

1 Why should regulatory claims about glyphosate safety be questioned?

Key studies with secret industry backing were retracted
Confidence in glyphosate safety is weakened when key studies are retracted for ethical reasons and hidden industry ties. Learn more.
Regulators have banned all research on glyphosate for profit motives
Organic farmers control most of the published studies
Safety claims are based only on animal testing and not human consumption

2 Why is it hard to get much thymoquinone from black cumin seed oil?

The oil is hard to find
Thymoquinone is destroyed by cooking
There’s very little thymoquinone in the oil
Thymoquinone is the main beneficial compound in black cumin seed oil, but only tiny amounts are present in the oil. Learn more.
Most brands add sugar, which disrupts the chemical makeup

3 What is one effective way to reduce glyphosate exposure?

Choosing organic or regeneratively farmed foods
Eating organic or regeneratively farmed foods helps lower glyphosate exposure by avoiding crops treated with herbicides. Learn more.
Rinsing all produce with hot water to remove residue
Avoiding all fresh fruits and vegetables sold in grocery stores
Taking daily vitamin supplements to increase antioxidant effectiveness

4 Which activity is most reliable for long-term brain health?

Heavy weightlifting
Daily sprint intervals
Marathon training
Regular moderate walking
Moderate, consistent walking is linked to slower brain decline and fewer metabolic problems. Learn more.

5 Which is a recommended way to avoid per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in cosmetics?

Check labels for “perfluoro-” or “polyfluoro-”
Checking for “perfluoro-” or “polyfluoro-” on labels is the most direct way to avoid per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in cosmetics. Learn more.
Choose only fragrance-free beauty products
Wash your face more often with cold water
Buy products labeled “hypoallergenic”

6 What opportunistic pathogen often rises in the gut after a colonoscopy?

Bacteroides
Lactobacillus
Firmicutes
Proteobacteria
Proteobacteria thrive when the gut is disrupted, quickly taking advantage of higher oxygen and stress after procedures like colonoscopies. Learn more.

7 Which approach is most effective for rebuilding focus?

Relying on willpower alone
Ignoring phone use and multitasking
Creating focus blocks
Changing your environment and setting daily focus periods helps restore attention better than relying on willpower. Learn more.
Taking daily memory supplements

8 Why do vision problems often appear before heart symptoms?

Large arteries handle stress longer than small vessels in the body
Eyesight conditions need more time to develop than chest pain
Heart and eye symptoms always appear together
Small eye vessels show damage from poor blood flow sooner
Tiny blood vessels in the eyes are affected by poor circulation before larger heart arteries show problems. Learn more.

9 How many Americans are affected by Type 2 diabetes?

Fewer than 5 million
About 8 million
Nearly 18 million
Over 38 million
More than 38 million Americans have Type 2 diabetes, and the number keeps rising. Learn more.

10 Which combination of exercise produces the strongest improvements for fatty liver disease?

Stretching, flexibility exercises, and some calisthenics
Aerobic exercise combined with resistance training
Combining aerobic and resistance exercise improves fat burning, insulin signaling, and blood sugar regulation more effectively than either exercise type alone. Learn more.
Resistance training without cardiovascular activity
Light walking performed a few times per week

11 Which kind of fat is most strongly linked to low vitamin D levels?

Visceral fat
Visceral fat, stored deep around organs, has the strongest association with low vitamin D levels. Learn more.
Subcutaneous fat
Fatty acids
Neck fat

12 Which neurotransmitter helps with memory, attention, learning, and emotional regulation?

Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine supports memory, attention, learning, and mood by helping nerve cells communicate. Learn more.
Serotonin
GABA

13 Which substance found in plaques explains why clots resist breaking down?

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or bad cholesterol
Red blood cells
Lipoprotein A
Lipoprotein A helps patch artery damage but makes clots harder to dissolve, promoting plaque buildup and raising heart attack risk. Learn more.
Dietary fats

14 Which of these isn’t released by microbes from fermented foods?

Acids
Enzymes
Metabolites
Hormones
Fermented food microbes release acids, enzymes, and metabolites — but not hormones — when passing through your gut. Learn more.

15 What role does brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play in mental health?

It slows down brain development in childhood
It raises stress hormones during anxiety
It blocks new connections between brain cells
It supports learning, mood stability, and stress resilience
BDNF helps brain cells grow and connect, promoting learning, stable mood, and the ability to handle stress. Learn more.

16 Which cancer-related complications have the strongest clinical support for photobiomodulation (PBM)?

Fatigue and nausea from chemotherapy
Oral mucositis and radiation-related skin damage
Clinical research shows PBM is especially helpful for easing pain and healing mouth sores and skin reactions caused by cancer treatment. Learn more.
Hair loss and immune suppression
Infection risk and blood cell loss

17 What hormone is commonly known as the “bonding hormone”?

Oxytocin
Oxytocin is called the “bonding hormone” because it promotes connection and lowers stress. Learn more.
Cortisol
Insulin
Adrenaline

18 What happens to the brain when someone has long-term high blood pressure?

Attention and learning get a measurable boost
More oxygen reaches all brain regions over time
Blood flow drops and memory-related areas shrink
Long-term high blood pressure reduces brain blood flow and shrinks areas critical for memory, focus, and decision-making. Learn more.
Nerves controlling relaxation become more active

19 Which of the following is not considered a real food alternative to Big Food?

EatWild.com and Local Harvest
Digital farmers market platforms
Pasture-based meat and raw dairy
National frozen meal distribution centers
Industrial frozen meal brands reflect Big Food’s model, unlike small-scale, regenerative, or farm-direct options. Learn more.

20 Overconsumption of which type of oil poses a major threat to mitochondrial and skin health?

Seed oils high in omega-6 fatty acids
Omega-6-rich seed oils impair mitochondrial energy production and increase vulnerability to sun-related skin damage when consumed in excess. Learn more.
Olive oil high in monounsaturated fats
Fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids
Coconut oil high in saturated fats

21 How many daily grams (g) of carbohydrates helps maintain metabolic health?

50 g
100 g
250 g
Around 250 g of carbohydrates daily supports thyroid function and lowers stress hormones, while overly low-carb intake raises cortisol and strains metabolism. Learn more.
400 g

Aspartame, the artificial sweetener used in everything from diet soda to chewable vitamins, doesn’t just sweeten your food — it alters your genetic landscape and heightens your risk of glioblastoma, one of the deadliest forms of brain cancer, according to a new study.

What’s even more concerning is that these genetic shifts were traced back to disruptions in gut bacteria. If you still believe the claims that aspartame is “harmless,” these new findings will open your eyes to just how dangerous this widely used additive is.

Aspartame Activates Brain Cancer Genes, Study Finds

A recent animal study published in Scientific Reports investigated the effects of aspartame on gene expression and gut bacteria in mice with glioblastoma. Researchers assessed whether aspartame could influence tumor progression on a molecular level, even in the absence of visible tumor growth.1

• The mice used in the study had gliomas induced by transplanting cancerous cells — These test subjects were then split into two groups. One received aspartame in their drinking water, while the control group was given plain water.

• One of the most striking findings was the activation of cancer-linked genes — The researchers discovered dramatic internal changes — particularly at the genetic and microbial level — in the aspartame-exposed group. Specifically, they observed a significant upregulation of three key genes — myelocytomatosis (MYC), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), and transforming growth factor-β (TGFB1).

• These three genes are well-established contributors to cancer progression — MYC is an oncogene, meaning it plays a direct role in driving uncontrolled cell growth, while TGFB1 is often associated with a poor prognosis in glioblastoma due to its ability to suppress immune function and promote tumor cell survival. CDKN1A is typically involved in controlling the cell cycle, but when dysregulated, it contributes to tumor aggressiveness.

• The most unsettling part? These changes happened without any measurable increase in tumor size. That means even if your tumor isn’t growing, it could still be genetically evolving into something far more dangerous.

Aspartame Alters Your Gut Microbiota by Affecting the Gut-Brain Axis

Aspartame was accidentally discovered in 1965 and had been used in consumer products since the 1980s. Being a low-calorie sweetener that’s 200 times sweeter than regular sugar, it became widely popular among people who want to cut back on their calorie consumption. It’s now used in over 6,000 different products worldwide, including diet soda, sugar-free gum and candy, and even condiments like ketchup and salad dressings.2

However, aspartame is not as safe as it seems — in fact, it has been associated with a long list of health problems, such as obesity, headaches, and depression.3 In 2023, the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) declared aspartame as possibly carcinogenic to humans4 — and now, this animal study provides stronger evidence backing up this classification.

• The changes in gene activity were traced to a powerful biological process called RNA methylation — These changes occurred specifically along the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) pathway. RNA methylation is a chemical modification of messenger RNA (mRNA), the molecule your body uses to translate DNA into proteins.
This modification acts like a dimmer switch — it fine-tunes how active a gene becomes. When aspartame exposure elevated this process, the dimmer switch turned all the way up on cancer-promoting genes.

• Aspartame increases glioblastoma risk by affecting the gut-brain axis — This is the bidirectional pathway by which your gut and brain communicate with each other. Your gut bacteria synthesize short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate and metabolize dietary components like tryptophan into molecules that regulate the tumor microenvironment.
When these metabolites reach tumor sites, they improve immune surveillance mechanisms and alter cellular metabolic processes to inhibit tumor growth.

• Conversely, tumors also influence gut microbial composition — Certain gut bacteria that colonize tumor tissues contribute to carcinogenesis through multiple mechanisms — they induce DNA damage, suppress the immune system’s ability to recognize tumor antigens, and disrupt vital metabolic pathways. These create conditions conducive to tumor survival and proliferation.

To put it simply, some gut bacteria produce substances that help fight cancer, while others actually help tumors grow and spread; Aspartame alters your gut to increase the growth of tumor-spreading bacteria.

• Mice fed aspartame had a significant drop in bacteria from the Rikenellaceae family — Rikenellaceae are part of a group of microbes involved in producing SCFAs, which, as mentioned above, help inhibit cancer formation. According to the study authors:

“The composition and abundance of gut microbiota, particularly the Rikenellaceae family, are closely associated with the levels of volatile fatty acids, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid.
Numerous findings have provided compelling evidence of a robust connection between the abundance of the Rikenellaceae family in the gut and a diverse array of metabolic health conditions, including Parkinson’s disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Our study concluded that although the aspartame diet did not significantly affect tumor growth, it did induce changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, particularly a decrease in the relative abundance of the Rikenellaceae family. We speculated that gut microbiota could influence the progression of glioblastoma multiforme by gut-brain axis.”5

Previous Studies Have Associated Artificial Sweeteners with a High Risk of Cancer

There’s no doubt in my mind that artificial sweeteners like aspartame are among the most pernicious ingredients to ever make into our food supply. On the outside, swapping sugar for aspartame seems beneficial for your health, but on the contrary, this is one of the worst decisions you can make, with damaging, life-long implications.

This featured study now adds to the growing list of research linking artificial sweeteners to cancer and tumor growth. Among the most notable ones are:

• A 2006 lifespan rat study published in Environmental Health Perspectives — The researchers note that aspartame “is a multipotential carcinogenic agent, even at a daily dose of … much less than the current acceptable daily intake.”6

• A 2010 study published in the American Journal of Industrial Medicine — The research confirms that this artificial sweetener is “a carcinogenic agent in multiple sites in rodents, and that this effect is induced in two species, rats (males and females) and mice (males).”7

• A 2012 paper published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition — Conducted by researchers from Harvard University, the study found a positive link between aspartame intake and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma (among males), and leukemia (in both males and females).8

• A 2022 study published in PLOS Medicine — The study found a link between aspartame and acesulfame-K, another artificial sweetener, and a higher risk of breast and obesity-related cancers.9

In 2024, the nonprofit organization U.S. Right to Know released a review highlighting multiple independent studies that linked aspartame not just to an increased risk of cancer, but to multiple health problems as well. The review notes:10

“Dozens of studies have linked the popular artificial sweetener aspartame to serious health problems, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, seizures, stroke and dementia, as well as negative effects such as intestinal dysbiosis, mood disorders, headaches and migraines.

Evidence also links aspartame to weight gain, increased appetite and obesity-related diseases … This evidence raises questions about the legality of marketing aspartame-containing products as ‘diet’ drinks or weight-loss products.”

Artificial Sweeteners Disrupt Your Gut Health in Many Ways

Your gut microbiome is composed of trillions of good and bad bacteria that influence various factors, such as regulating digestion, metabolism, and immune function. However, when you consume artificial sweeteners, especially on a day-to-day basis, your gut microbiome changes. Studies have found that consuming artificial sweeteners disrupts your gut’s delicate balance, which leads to a cascade of health issues.

• Aspartame blocks a gut enzyme associated with weight management — An aspartame breakdown product called phenylalanine was found to inhibit the activity of a gut enzyme called alkaline phosphatase (IAP). Previous animal studies have associated IAP with the prevention of metabolic syndrome development, as well as reducing its symptoms in those with the condition.11

• Neotame causes serious damage to the intestines and overall gut health — A relatively new artificial sweetener that’s chemically similar to aspartame, neotame not only damaged bacteria commonly found in the gut, but also led to intestinal cell death, one study reported. This sweetener also disrupted the intestinal barrier, leading to increased leakage and decreased presence of claudin-3, a protein important for cell binding. According to the study authors:12

“The study is the first to show that neotame can cause previously healthy gut bacteria to become diseased and invade the gut wall — potentially leading to health issues including irritable bowel syndrome and sepsis — and also cause a breakdown of the epithelial barrier, which forms part of the gut wall.”13

• Consuming sucralose induces gut dysbiosis and alters glucose and insulin levels — A study published in Microorganisms found that ingesting this sweetener in amounts “far lower than the suggested ADI [acceptable daily intake]”14 — for just 10 weeks was enough to induce gut dysbiosis and alter glucose and insulin levels in healthy, young adults. The sweetener affects bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, which are involved in glucose and insulin metabolism.

If you truly value your overall health, tending to your gut health is key — and one of the most significant changes you can make is to avoid artificial sweeteners.

Eliminate Aspartame (and Other Artificial Sweeteners) from Your Life

The research is clear — Aspartame isn’t harmless. It disrupts your gut microbiome, activates genes tied to tumor aggressiveness, and hijacks your cellular energy machinery. If you want to protect your body from chronic diseases and avoid a glioblastoma diagnosis, I recommend following these strategies:

1. Cut aspartame and all artificial sweeteners from your daily intake — If you’re still drinking diet sodas or using sugar-free products like flavored waters, gum, or chewable vitamins, it’s time to stop. These are common sources of aspartame. Ideally, remove all ultraprocessed foods from your diet, as many are hidden sources of artificial sweeteners.

I also advise reading labels carefully. Aspartame and other sweeteners often hide behind other names, so make sure to closely check the label of the products you buy.

2. Switch to natural sweeteners — Raw Manuka honey, maple syrup, and coconut sugar, all consumed in moderation, are some of the best choices. If you’re trying to transition off sweeteners entirely, fresh fruit is an excellent way to satisfy your cravings while keeping your blood sugar balanced.

3. Restore your gut microbiome immediately — Focus on foods that help your body rebuild a healthy microbial balance. Start with whole fruits, well-cooked vegetables, and well-tolerated, cooked starches.

Fermented foods like sauerkraut, kefir, and kimchi provide natural probiotics that help rebalance your microbiome. Collagen-rich bone broth supports the gut lining, and dietary fiber from well-tolerated fruits helps feed beneficial bacteria (but make sure your gut is in optimal condition, so the fiber will feed your good bacteria instead of the bad bacteria).

4. Don’t skimp on targeted carbohydrates — Most adults need around 200 to 250 grams of carbs per day for proper mitochondrial function. That includes the brain. Restricting carbs starves your body of energy and leads to reductive stress, which only worsens the cellular chaos tied to glioblastoma. I recommend slowly reintroducing safe carbs based on your gut’s tolerance.

5. Remove other common triggers of cellular damage — If you’re serious about disrupting the root cause of glioblastoma progression, eliminate the other big offenders that compromise mitochondrial and microbiome health. That includes seed oils, electromagnetic (EMF) exposure, xenoestrogens from plastics, and processed foods.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Aspartame and Glioblastoma

Q: How does aspartame increase the risk of glioblastoma?
A: Aspartame alters gene activity tied to cancer progression by activating RNA methylation pathways, especially the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) pathway. This boosts the expression of genes like MYC, TGFB1, and CDKN1A, which are known to drive tumor growth and make glioblastoma more aggressive — even if the tumor itself doesn’t visibly enlarge.

Q: What role does the gut microbiome play in brain cancer development?
A: Your gut bacteria influence your brain through the gut-brain axis. Aspartame disrupts this by reducing bacteria like Rikenellaceae that help produce anticancer compounds. These microbial imbalances weaken immune surveillance and encourage tumor-supporting conditions in the brain.

Q: Are artificial sweeteners really worse than sugar?
A: Yes. While marketed as safer low-calorie options, artificial sweeteners like aspartame have been linked to cancer, metabolic dysfunction, gut damage, and disrupted gene regulation. The evidence shows these additives are not harmless alternatives and could cause long-term harm to your health.

Q: What should I do if I’ve been consuming aspartame regularly?
A: Start by eliminating all artificial sweeteners from your diet — this includes checking labels on diet sodas, flavored waters, gum, vitamins, and condiments. Then, support your gut with natural carbs, fermented foods, dextrose water, and collagen-rich broths to help rebalance your microbiome and restore gene regulation pathways.

Q: Is there a safer way to satisfy my sweet cravings?
A: Yes. Transition to moderate use of natural sweeteners like raw honey, maple syrup, or coconut sugar. Better yet, rely on whole fruits with fiber, which offer natural sweetness while supporting gut and brain health. Always prioritize food sources that feed your beneficial bacteria, not fuel disease.

Aspartame, a common artificial sweetener found in sugar-free sodas, protein bars and even chewing gum, is touted to be a “healthy” alternative to regular sugar, thus helping people satisfy their cravings for sweets without risking their health. While this is a popularly held belief among consumers, research shows that aspartame does the opposite — it actually endangers your health to a greater degree than sugar.

Aspartame Alters Insulin Response

A study published in Nutrients1 examined how artificial sweeteners, including aspartame, affect metabolic processes and gut microbiota composition. Researchers aimed to determine whether these sugar substitutes actually help regulate blood sugar or if they disrupt natural metabolic function.

Glucose intolerance occurs — Contrary to industry claims that artificial sweeteners are healthy, the study revealed the opposite — aspartame interferes with insulin signaling and contributes to glucose intolerance, making them hidden risk factors for metabolic disorders.2
Aspartame triggers unnatural insulin responses — Artificial sweeteners have long been marketed as a way to reduce sugar intake without affecting blood sugar levels. However, the study found that aspartame and similar sweeteners still stimulate an insulin response. This happens because the body detects sweetness and assumes sugar is coming, prompting the pancreas to release insulin even when no actual glucose is present.3
Increased risk of insulin resistance — The insulin spikes seem harmless at first, but over time, it leads to insulin resistance. When your body constantly releases insulin in response to non-caloric sweeteners, cells become less responsive to the hormone. This sets the stage for metabolic dysfunction, increasing your risk of obesity, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.4

Gut Microbiota Composition Is Altered by Artificial Sweeteners

Beyond insulin, the study also found that aspartame disrupts the delicate balance of your gut bacteria, which consists of trillions of bacteria that regulate digestion, immune function and metabolism.

Increases glucose intolerance — Researchers discovered that aspartame consumption shifts this balance. In one published study that the researchers reviewed, “Mouse recipients of the saccharine-associated microbiome became glucose intolerant … In humans, saccharin (upper limit of the accepted daily intake) also promoted glucose intolerance and gut microbiome alterations.”5
Alterations increase weight gain — Gut bacteria play a direct role in regulating how the body processes the food you eat. A disrupted microbiome leads to improper digestion, increased fat storage and reduced energy efficiency. As noted in one of the reviewed studies by the researchers, “In Sprague-Dawley rats (7-week-old males), the ingestion of 0.05% aspartame significantly increased body weight and fat mass.”6

Aspartame’s Effects on Gut Function

Beyond insulin, aspartame also interferes with other hormonal systems that regulate metabolism.

Reduced GLP-1 function — The study noted aspartame causes changes in GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) secretion, a hormone that controls satiety and blood sugar balance. Reduced GLP-1 means that people who consume artificial sweeteners feel hungrier sooner, leading to increased food intake and weight gain over time.7
Compromised lipid metabolism — According to the researchers, an increased intake of aspartame or other artificial sweeteners “induced the loss of antioxidant capacity as well as increased atherogenic effects” of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which is often referred as the “good” cholesterol.8

The study highlights an important point people need to know about artificial sweeteners — they do not function as proper sugar substitutes. They actively disrupt normal metabolic and hormonal processes, making it harder for your body to regulate blood sugar and maintain a healthy weight. While they look like an easy way to cut calories, their long-term effects create more significant health risks than the sugar they replace.9

Aspartame Fuels Inflammation and Artery Damage, Raising Heart Disease Risk

In a different study, published in Cell Metabolism,10 researchers investigated how aspartame consumption influences insulin levels and vascular inflammation.

Aspartame fuels artery damage — Researchers found that aspartame stimulates insulin release through your vagus nerve, leading to chronic inflammation in blood vessels. This inflammatory response directly worsens atherosclerosis, a condition in which arteries become narrowed and hardened due to plaque buildup.11
Inflammatory proteins are activated — Aspartame-induced insulin spikes are not just a metabolic issue — they drive damage inside your arteries. When insulin levels surge unnaturally, your body increases production of a specific inflammatory protein called CX3CL1. This protein acts as a signal that attracts immune cells to the blood vessel walls, leading to chronic inflammation and an increased risk of heart disease.12
Plaque buildup — In the reviewed animal models, aspartame consumption led to larger, more unstable plaques in the arteries compared to control groups. These plaques were more likely to rupture, which is a major cause of heart attacks and strokes. Even small doses of aspartame were enough to accelerate this process, making it clear that this artificial sweetener isn’t just an innocent sugar substitute — it’s actively harming your cardiovascular health.13

Aspartame Alters the Vagus Nerve’s Role in Insulin Regulation

Another shocking revelation from the study is that aspartame influences insulin levels in a completely different way than sugar. In addition, it changes the function of the vagus nerve, which acts as the information highway connecting your gut and brain.

Vagus nerve dysfunction — Instead of raising insulin through a natural glucose response, aspartame stimulates the vagus nerve, which then signals the pancreas to release insulin unnecessarily.14
Insulin sensitivity issues arise — By tricking your body into thinking sugar is present, aspartame creates a hormonal response that your body isn’t designed to handle. Over time, this disrupts insulin sensitivity and leads to metabolic dysfunction, contributing to insulin resistance and increased fat storage.15

Aspartame’s Breakdown Products Exacerbate Health Issues

Beyond its immediate effects on insulin and inflammation, aspartame also breaks down into smaller compounds that contribute to metabolic stress.

Aspartame produces methanol — Methanol, which is an industrial type of alcohol that is used to adulterate liquor,16 has been discovered to be a metabolic byproduct of aspartame digestion. According to a 2021 study, 11% of aspartame turns into pure methanol.17
The impact of methanol — When methanol is metabolized by your body, it turns into formaldehyde, which is known to impact DNA and RNA health. Specifically, formaldehyde interacts with basic proteins in the cytosols of your cells, inactivating them. According to the researchers, “such changes have been found in the brains of people suffering from autism.”18

The breakdown of aspartame contributes to long-term health issues by creating additional cellular stress. When combined with aspartame’s inflammatory effects on blood vessels, its overall impact on your body becomes even more apparent, necessitating strategies that repair your cellular health.

Eliminate Aspartame from Your Life to Protect Your Health

As I’ve mentioned in previous articles, aspartame, as well as other artificial sweeteners, will do no good for anyone’s health. It disrupts insulin function, fuels inflammation and even accelerates artery damage. To bring your health back on the right track, the first step is eliminating aspartame while also supporting your metabolism and vascular health. Here are my recommendations:

1. Remove artificial sweeteners from your diet immediately — Aspartame isn’t just in diet sodas. It hides in protein powders, flavored yogurts, sugar-free candies and even some medications. Read labels carefully — if you see products with the words “aspartame,” “acesulfame potassium” or “sucralose,” it’s time to throw them away. Familiarize yourself with other artificial sweeteners as well, such as neotame and sucralose.

Instead of artificial sweeteners, choose natural alternatives like raw Manuka honey, maple syrup or coconut sugar in moderation. If you’re trying to transition off sweeteners entirely, fresh fruit is an excellent way to satisfy your cravings while keeping your blood sugar balanced.

2. Heal your insulin sensitivity with targeted carbohydrate intake — If aspartame has already affected your insulin function, the best way to restore balance is to fuel your body with healthy carbohydrates in the right amounts. Aiming for 250 to 300 grams of quality carbs per day — more if you’re physically active — helps prevent the insulin spikes caused by aspartame.

Prioritize whole food sources like potatoes, white rice, ripe bananas, and well-cooked vegetables. If your gut health is compromised, start with simple, easily digestible carbs like white rice and whole fruit before introducing more complex starches.

3. Support your gut microbiome for better blood sugar control — Aspartame damages beneficial gut bacteria, which play a direct role in regulating insulin and metabolism. Restoring balance starts with removing harmful foods (vegetable oils, processed meats and artificial additives) and introducing gut-healing food.

Fermented foods like sauerkraut, kefir and kimchi provide natural probiotics that help rebalance your microbiome. Collagen-rich bone broth supports the gut lining, and dietary fiber from well-tolerated fruits helps feed beneficial bacteria. As noted in one study, fermented foods helped improve the metabolic health of the participants, including insulin sensitivity and glucose control.19

4. Reduce hidden sources of inflammation — Inflammation is the link between aspartame, insulin resistance and vascular disease. Cutting artificial sweeteners is just the beginning — you also need to eliminate the biggest dietary sources of inflammation, namely vegetable oils, as they’re high in linoleic acid (LA), an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

LA drives oxidative stress and worsen insulin resistance. To minimize your intake, I recommend cooking your own food with tallow, grass fed butter and ghee.

5. Improve cellular energy production with sunlight — Artificial sweeteners disrupt cellular metabolism, but there are still other ways to restore energy production naturally, namely sun exposure. It stimulates mitochondrial function, helping your cells generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) — the fuel your body runs on.

Aim for daily morning and midday sunlight, avoiding harsh UV exposure until you’ve been off vegetable oils for at least six months. That’s because when sunlight hits your skin, the LA embedded in it metabolizes, contributing to inflammation and DNA damage. For a more in-depth explanation on this topic, read my article “Vitamin D Deficiency Complicates Autoimmune Disease.”

Frequently Asked Questions About the Impact of Aspartame on Human Health

Q: How does aspartame affect metabolism if it has no calories?
A: Aspartame stimulates the vagus nerve, tricking your body into releasing insulin as if sugar were present. Over time, these unnecessary insulin surges lead to insulin resistance, making it harder for your body to regulate blood sugar and increasing the risk of metabolic dysfunction.

Q: Can aspartame cause inflammation in blood vessels?
A: Yes, research shows that aspartame-driven insulin spikes trigger the release of CX3CL1, an inflammatory protein that attracts immune cells to blood vessel walls. This leads to chronic inflammation, artery damage and an increased risk of atherosclerosis.

Q: What are some common foods and drinks that contain aspartame?
A: Aspartame is found in diet sodas, sugar-free gum, flavored yogurts, protein powders, sugar-free candies and even some over-the-counter medications. Checking ingredient labels for “aspartame,” “acesulfame potassium,” or “sucralose” is key to avoiding it. Beyond aspartame, be sure to avoid other products containing other artificial sweeteners.

Q: If I stop consuming aspartame, how long does it take for my metabolism to recover?
A: Your metabolism starts improving as soon as you remove artificial sweeteners, but full recovery depends on individual factors like the current state of your gut health and the diet you’re eating. Restoring insulin function with targeted carbohydrate intake and healing the gut microbiome with fermented foods will jumpstart the healing process.

Q: What is the best way to naturally regulate blood sugar without artificial sweeteners?
A: Focus on whole-food carbohydrates like potatoes, ripe fruit and white rice to provide steady energy without insulin spikes. Supporting gut health with bone broth and probiotic-rich foods also improves blood sugar control and overall metabolic health.

Editor’s Note: This article is a reprint. It was originally published December 6, 2016.

The allure of artificial sweeteners — zero calories and a sweet taste — is a strong one, such that up to 141.18 million Americans use them routinely.1 There have been concerns from the beginning, however, that consuming synthetic compounds with hyper-sweetness (200 times that of sugar in the case of aspartame) has some serious drawbacks.

One of the most appalling, especially to those consuming artificially sweetened, sugar-free and diet products in the hopes of losing weight, is their propensity to fuel weight gain. Researchers wrote in the Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine:2

“Intuitively, people choose non-caloric artificial sweeteners over sugar to lose or maintain weight …

Whether due to a successful marketing effort on the part of the diet beverage industry or not, the weight conscious public often consider artificial sweeteners ‘health food.” But do artificial sweeteners actually help reduce weight?

Surprisingly, epidemiologic data suggest the contrary. Several large-scale prospective cohort studies found positive correlation between artificial sweetener use and weight gain.”

Although their reputation as a weight-loss aid has held strong since the beginning, it’s been known for years that they seem to have the opposite effect. A team of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) investigators even revealed a potential reason why artificial sweeteners like aspartame prevent, rather than promote, weight loss.3

Aspartame Promotes Obesity by Blocking Gut Enzyme Activity

A study on mice revealed that animals fed aspartame-laced drinking water gained weight and developed symptoms of metabolic syndrome, while mice not fed the artificial sweetener did not. Further, the researchers revealed that phenylalanine, an aspartame breakdown product, blocks the activity of a gut enzyme called alkaline phosphatase (IAP).

In a previous study, IAP was found to prevent the development of metabolic syndrome (and reduce symptoms in those with the condition) when fed to mice.4 Study author Dr. Richard Hodin, of the MGH Department of Surgery, said in a press release:5

“We found that aspartame blocks a gut enzyme called intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) that we previously showed can prevent obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome; so we think that aspartame might not work because, even as it is substituting for sugar, it blocks the beneficial aspects of IAP.”

Mice in the study were fed either plain water or water infused with the equivalent amount of aspartame found in two to three and a half cans of soda, along with a normal diet or a high-fat diet. Mice in the high-fat group that drank aspartame-infused water gained more weight than those eating the same diet without aspartame in their water.

Further, all the mice fed aspartame had higher blood sugar levels — an indicator of glucose intolerance — and higher levels of inflammatory protein TNF-alpha, which is suggestive of systemic inflammation. Given aspartame’s inhibition of IAP, the researchers suggested its use is counterproductive.

Artificial Sweeteners Linked to Weight Gain Since the 1980s

Artificial sweeteners are still viewed as a weight-loss aid in 2016 even though their hindrances to weight loss have been documented since at least the 1980s. Then, the San Antonio Heart Study, which involved nearly 4,000 adults, found drinkers of artificially sweetened beverages consistently had higher BMIs (body mass index) than non-drinkers.6

Again, in the early 1980s, a study of nearly 78,700 women found artificial sweetener usage increased with relative weight, and users were significantly more likely to gain weight compared to those who did not use artificial sweeteners.7

Such associations have only continued to grow over the passing decades. Artificially sweetened beverages, including diet soda, are among the key culprits, with intake associated with “striking” increases in waist circumference among older adults, according to one study.8

Research published in PLOS One also found regularly consuming artificially sweetened soft drinks is associated with several disorders of metabolic syndrome, including:9

Abdominal obesity
Insulin resistance
Impaired glucose intolerance
Abnormally elevated fats in the blood
High blood pressure

The study found drinking aspartame-sweetened diet soda daily increased the risk of Type 2 diabetes by 67% (regardless of whether they gained weight or not) and the risk of metabolic syndrome 36%.

One way artificial sweeteners increase your risk of weight gain, obesity and other related problems like Type 2 diabetes is by inducing “metabolic derangements,” according to a report published in the journal Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism:10

“… [A]ccumulating evidence suggests that frequent consumers of these sugar substitutes may also be at increased risk of excessive weight gain, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

… [C]onsuming sweet-tasting but noncaloric or reduced-calorie food and beverages interferes with learned responses that normally contribute to glucose and energy homeostasis.

Because of this interference, frequent consumption of high-intensity sweeteners may have the counterintuitive effect of inducing metabolic derangements.”

Soda Industry Pledges to Cut Calories Off to Slow Start

The soda industry has pledged to cut the number of calories Americans consume via beverages by 20% over a decade, but they’re off to a slow start.11 In 2015, this caloric intake dropped by just 0.2%, according to a beverage industry report.

In addition to introducing smaller package sizes and reformulating products, a key strategy toward this goal is the promotion of artificially sweetened diet drinks, but the consumption of low- and no-calorie soda fell by nearly 6% last year.

Americans are growing increasingly wary of artificial sweeteners, and the soda industry is becoming increasingly desperate to hold on to its once-loyal customers. One of their ongoing strategies to appear like they care about your health is to promote their diet beverages as a healthy alternative.

In 2013, they rolled out an ad campaign encouraging people to unite in the fight against obesity, and then swiftly launched another campaign touting aspartame in its diet sodas.

According to the ad, aspartame is a “safe, high-quality alternative to sugar.” Clearly they’ve not reviewed the hundreds of studies on this artificial sweetener demonstrating its harmful effects or the risks of consuming diet sodas in general.

In one study, people who drank diet soda had a 70% greater increase in waist size in a 10-year period compared to non-diet soda drinkers. Those who drank two or more diet sodas a day had a 500% greater increase in waist size.

Research published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics also revealed that people who drink diet beverages end up compensating for their “saved” calories by eating more foods high in sugar, sodium and unhealthy fats.12

Obese adults had the highest incremental daily calorie intake from unhealthy foods associated with diet beverages. Researcher Ruopeng An, Ph.D., a former kinesiology and community health professor at the University of Illinois, noted:13

“It may be that people who consume diet beverages feel justified in eating more, so they reach for a muffin or a bag of chips … Or perhaps, in order to feel satisfied, they feel compelled to eat more of these high-calorie foods.”

For more on the detrimental effects of diet sodas, including in relation to aspartame and weight gain, check out our infographic below.

> > > > > Click Here

I’ve been sounding the alarm on artificial sweeteners — particularly aspartame — for many years, as I believe it is one of the most pernicious products ever to make its way into our food supply. Many people have been led to believe that swapping sugar for aspartame means they’re doing their health a favor. But on the contrary, this toxic sweetener is one of the worst food additives you can consume.

A recently published review1 investigates the long history of aspartame and the dozens of health problems associated with it. I guarantee that after reading the report, you’ll likely toss out all aspartame-containing products from your pantry.

Aspartame Has Been Wrecking People’s Health for Decades

Touted to be 200 times sweeter than sugar, aspartame is a low-calorie artificial sweetener primarily made up of aspartic acid and phenylalanine. It was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be used in foods and beverages in 1981.2

Today, it’s added to almost 6,000 consumer products.3 Many diet beverages, sugar-free gum and candy, condiments such as ketchup and dressings, and even children’s medicines and vitamins contain aspartame. Aspartame’s claim to fame is it provides the same sweet flavor without added calories, hence making it ideal for those looking to shed excess weight.

But aspartame’s existence has been rife with controversy, as it appears that the risks outweigh the benefits. A review4 published by the nonprofit organization U.S. Right to Know enumerates multiple independent studies conducted over the past few decades since aspartame’s approval, associating this artificial sweetener with a long list of health problems. According to the featured review:

“Dozens of studies have linked the popular artificial sweetener aspartame to serious health problems, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, seizures, stroke and dementia, as well as negative effects such as intestinal dysbiosis, mood disorders, headaches and migraines.

Evidence also links aspartame to weight gain, increased appetite and obesity-related diseases … This evidence raises questions about the legality of marketing aspartame-containing products, such as Diet Coke, as ‘diet’ drinks or weight-loss products.”5

What Makes Aspartame So Toxic to Your Health?

To understand how aspartame wreaks havoc in your body, it’s important to understand its composition. As mentioned, aspartame is primarily composed of aspartic acid and phenylalanine. To provide its sweetness, the phenylalanine has been modified to carry a methyl group. However, this bond, called a methyl ester, is very weak. It easily breaks off and forms methanol.

It’s true that methanol naturally occurs in fruits and vegetables, however, in these foods, it’s firmly bonded to pectin, allowing it to be safely passed through your digestive tract. The methanol in aspartame is different — it’s not bonded to anything that can help remove it from your body.

Instead, methanol acts like a Trojan horse and is carried into susceptible tissues throughout your body, including your brain and bone marrow. Here, the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme converts methanol into formaldehyde — this is what wreaks havoc on sensitive proteins and DNA.

What’s more, formaldehyde is a known carcinogen,6 which brings us to one of the most warned-about dangers of aspartame. Since formaldehyde is carcinogenic, then it makes sense that aspartame might be, too.

Aspartame Has Been Linked to an Increased Risk of Cancer

The U.S. Right to Know article7 highlights several studies linking aspartame to an increased risk of cancer. The most recent one is the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer’s (IARC) monograph8 on aspartame, published earlier this year.

“As announced in January, IARC found aspartame is possibly carcinogenic. The monograph notes that a minority of the working group supported classifying aspartame as ‘probably carcinogenic to humans,’ based on ‘a combination of limited evidence for cancer in humans and sufficient evidence for cancer in experimental animals, supported by the limited mechanistic evidence …’” U.S. Right to Know reports.

A 2022 PLOS study9 also found a link between aspartame and acesulfame-K, another artificial sweetener, and a higher risk of breast and obesity-related cancers. The study authors note, “These findings provide important and novel insights for the ongoing re-evaluation of food additive sweeteners by the European Food Safety Authority and other health agencies globally.”

The featured article further lists several more studies that point to aspartame’s carcinogenic potential, such as:

A 2006 lifespan rat study10 published in Environmental Health Perspectives notes that aspartame “is a multipotential carcinogenic agent, even at a daily dose of … much less than the current acceptable daily intake.”
A 2010 study11 published in the American Journal of Industrial Medicine confirms that this artificial sweetener is “a carcinogenic agent in multiple sites in rodents, and that this effect is induced in two species, rats (males and females) and mice (males).”
A 2012 Harvard paper12 published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found a positive link between aspartame intake and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma (among males), and leukemia (in both males and females).

Early animal studies on aspartame dating to the 1970s have already shown evidence of causing brain tumors, yet no follow-up studies were conducted on this matter.13 What’s more, further attempts to shed light on this potential hazard were either dismissed or swept under the rug. An article published in Vice magazine notes:14

“In 1996, John Olney, a professor of pathology and immunology at Washington University Medical School, claimed to have found epidemiological evidence15 that the introduction of aspartame in the U.S. was connected to an increase in an aggressive form of brain tumor called glioblastomas. But this was criticized for just being a correlation and dismissed by the FDA.”

Aspartame Harms Your Brain

Aspartame’s unnatural structure causes it to produce amino acids that, instead of being used by your body, harm you. These amino acids attack your cells and even cross your blood-brain barrier, leading to a toxic cellular overstimulation known as excitotoxicity.

In addition, aspartic acid can lead to neural damage. While aspartate is used as a neurotransmitter, having too much of it in your brain can kill neurons as it allows too much calcium in the cells. This influx triggers excessive amounts of free radicals, which kill the cells. Hence, it isn’t surprising that aspartame has been linked to a wide array of brain-related health issues. The featured article notes:16

“Aspartame side effects may also include behavioral and cognitive problems such as learning deficits, headache, seizure, migraines, irritable moods, anxiety, depression, and insomnia, according to the researchers of a 2017 study in Nutritional Neuroscience.17 ‘Aspartame consumption needs to be approached with caution due to the possible effects on neurobehavioral health.’”

Alzheimer’s disease, a severe form of dementia, is now a leading cause of death. According to a 2024 report18 by the Alzheimer’s Association, an estimated 6.9 million Americans are living with this illness. Unfortunately, aspartame intake may play a factor because of the methanol in it.

According to a two-part animal study19,20 published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease in 2014, chronic exposure to methanol may lead to memory loss and Alzheimer’s disease symptoms. A separate study21 published in 2017 also found that people who consume diet soda on a daily basis had a three times higher risk of developing dementia and stroke as opposed to those who consumed it weekly or less. According to the study authors:

“Artificially sweetened beverages are typically sweetened with non-nutritive sweeteners, such as saccharin, acesulfame, aspartame, neotame or sucralose … Collectively, these synthetic substances are much more potent than sucrose, with only trace amounts needed to generate the sensation of sweetness.

Because our study was observational, we are unable to determine whether artificially sweetened soft drink intake increased the risk of incident dementia through diabetes mellitus or whether people with diabetes mellitus were simply more likely to consume diet beverages. Some studies have provided evidence for the former.”22

Aspartame Doesn’t Help With Weight Loss — It Actually Makes You Fat

Aspartame-containing products are usually marketed as “diet aids” that can help you achieve weight loss, but nothing could be further from the truth. The featured article also mentions this,23 and questions the legality of marketing these products as weight loss aids, when the science clearly points otherwise.

For example, a study published in the International Journal of Obesity found that ingesting aspartame and saccharin on a long-term basis can actually lead to “greater volumes of visceral, intermuscular, and subcutaneous adipose tissue.”24 A separate animal study, published in the British Journal of Nutrition, also found that test subjects that were given aspartame for seven weeks experienced increased body weight, fat accumulation and reduced insulin sensitivity.25

In May 2023, the WHO released a report advising against the use of “nonsugar sweeteners (NSS)” to manage body weight or minimize the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The report also highlights that health problems may arise from these products, including Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and even increased risk of mortality.26 According to Francesco Branca, WHO director for nutrition and food safety:

“Replacing free sugars with NSS does not help with weight control in the long term. People need to consider other ways to reduce free sugars intake, such as consuming food with naturally occurring sugars, like fruit, or unsweetened food and beverages. NSS are not essential dietary factors and have no nutritional value. People should reduce the sweetness of the diet altogether, starting early in life, to improve their health.”27

The List of Health Problems Associated With Aspartame Is Extensive

The featured article mentions that many scientists have questioned aspartame’s approval, believing it was based on “suspect data and should be reconsidered.”28 I wholeheartedly agree with this, and no doubt you will too, once you see just how extensive the list of associated health problems is:

Cancer29
Brain tumors30
Anxiety31 and learning deficits32

Cardiovascular disease33
Stroke, dementia34 and Alzheimer’s disease35
Seizures36

Headaches and migraines37
Parkinson’s disease38
Autism39

Weight gain and obesity40
Increased appetite41
Diabetes and metabolic dysfunction42

Pregnancy complications (ex: preterm birth)43
Early menstruation44
Sperm damage45

Liver46 and kidney47 damage
Behavioral problems48 (irritability and depression)
Insomnia49

I encourage you to read the U.S. Right to Know article as it efficiently summarizes aspartame’s toxicity. It also provides links to investigative reports about the various health concerns, background information on how industry-funded research led to its approval, and the sordid ties between the FDA and the food industry that allowed this product to infiltrate our food supply.

Ditch Artificial Sweeteners and Control Your Sweet Cravings

Eliminating artificial sweeteners from your diet may be a challenge especially if you frequently crave sweet foods, but the good news is there are strategies to help you ditch them.

One strategy is to consume sour foods like fermented vegetables or water with lemon juice whenever you’re craving something sweet. You can also try drinking a glass of tea with citrus juice or eating a piece of fruit. Most fruits are naturally sweet and can be a great substitute for sweet cravings.

Being a smart shopper is also crucial — be vigilant about checking the ingredient lists on the packaging of foods and beverages. Take note that aspartame and other artificial sweeteners aren’t found in just “diet” products and other sugar-free products, but also in foods you might not expect like condiments, breakfast cereals and yogurt. Focus on consuming fresh, whole foods instead.

Finally, you can also try the Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) whenever you crave something sweet. This psychological acupressure tool will help you overcome the urge to consume unhealthy foods, and only involves tapping and voicing affirmations. The video above shows you how to do EFT to get rid of cravings.

Research1 published in the American Heart Association journal Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology found an association between drinking sweetened beverages and atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation, also called AFib, is an abnormal and often rapid heartbeat that occurs when the upper chambers in the heart (atria) beat out of sync with the lower chambers (ventricles).2

It’s a common symptom in people with heart failure or heart disease and one of the most common arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) that affects more than 2 million U.S. adults. AFib can sometimes go away on its own, but it also can become more frequent with longer-lasting episodes that can lead to serious complications like stroke and heart failure.

The symptoms of AFib can look like other health problems, which is why it is crucial to understand the condition and receive the correct diagnosis. For example, the declining ability to pump blood to the lungs and elsewhere in the body can lead to lightheadedness, dizziness and fatigue, which are symptoms that can be attributed to several other health conditions.

AFib may make you feel like your heart has skipped a beat or is fluttering or pounding. Your risk increases with age, but lifestyle and dietary factors can also increase your risk, which is exactly what researchers found when they sought to determine if there was an association between drinking sweetened beverages and AFib.

Diet and Regular Soda Raises Heart Risk

The researchers acknowledged3 that a past association between sweetened beverages and cardiometabolic disease has been reported, but an association with atrial fibrillation was unclear. The study enrolled 201,856 participants who did not have AFib at the time the study began, had completed a 24-hour diet questionnaire and had genetic data available.

Research has found a genetic component to AFib. Genome-wide studies identified 140 genetic loci that are linked to the development of AFib.4 However, while genetic implications put an individual at higher risk of developing the condition, it is not a guarantee that the condition will develop.

There was a median follow-up of 9.9 years, during which 9,362 incidents of AFib were documented.5 The researchers evaluated the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) and pure fruit juice. The data showed that people who drank greater than 2 liters per week of sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened beverages increased their risk of AFib, with those who drank artificially sweetened beverages experiencing a higher risk.

The highest risk was observed in people who had a genetic risk and consumed more than 2 liters of artificially sweetened beverages, while the lowest risk was observed in those who had a low genetic risk and consumed less than 1 liter of pure juice per week.

The association between sweetened beverages and AFib persisted even after adjustments were made for genetic susceptibility to the heart condition. “This study does not demonstrate that consumption of SSB and ASB alters AF risk but rather that the consumption of SSB and ASB may predict AF risk beyond traditional risk factors,” the researchers concluded.6

Many people reach for an artificially sweetened beverage advertising zero calories and sugar because they know other sodas and juices contain an alarming amount of both. Drinking a beverage advertised with zero calories and sugar can feel like you’re making better choices but as these researchers have demonstrated, artificial sweeteners may cause more harm than good.

While the data from the current study demonstrates a higher risk of consuming ASB, a press release from the American Heart Association about the study also noted that people who drink 2 liters of SSB each week increase their risk of AFib by 10%.7 Kris-Etherton, an emeritus professor of nutritional sciences at Penn State University, commented on the results of the study from China, saying:

“This is the first study to report an association between no- and low-calorie sweeteners and also sugar-sweetened beverages and increased risk of atrial fibrillation.

While there is robust evidence about the adverse effects of sugar-sweetened beverages and cardiovascular disease risk, there is less evidence about adverse health consequences of artificial sweeteners. In the meantime, water is the best choice, and, based on this study, no- and low-calorie sweetened beverages should be limited or avoided.”

Sweeteners in Diet Soda Can Destroy Your Gut Microbiome

While refined sugar feeds harmful, disease-causing bacteria in the gut,8 artificial sweeteners cause DNA damage in, and interfere with, the normal activity in gut bacteria. The artificial sweeteners reviewed in one study9 included aspartame, sucralose, saccharin, neotame, advantame and acesulfame potassium-k.

The animal study was published in the journal Molecules, and as noted by Business Insider,10 all the sweeteners “had a toxic, stressing effect, making it difficult for gut microbes to grow and reproduce.” According to the researchers, this effect can in turn affect your body’s ability to process carbohydrates.

While, overall, all six artificial sweeteners were found to have toxic effects on gut bacteria, there were individual differences in the type and amount of damage they produced.

Saccharin caused the greatest, most widespread damage, exhibiting both cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, meaning it is toxic to cells and damages genetic information in the cell (which can cause mutations).
Neotame was found to cause metabolic disruption in mice, and raised concentrations of several fatty acids, lipids and cholesterol. Several gut genes were also decreased by this sweetener.
Aspartame and acesulfame potassium-k — The latter of which is commonly found in sports supplements — were both found to cause DNA damage.

In a carefully crafted message, Ariel Kushmaro, Ph.D., professor of microbial biotechnology at Ben-Gurion University and lead author, told Business Insider, “We are not claiming that it’s toxic to human beings. We’re claiming that it might be toxic to the gut bacteria, and by that, will influence us.”11

These data support previous research published in 2013,12 which concluded that sucralose reduces the number, and alters the composition of, gut bacteria. Animal research13 in 2008 showed sucralose could kill gut bacteria and appeared to target beneficial microorganisms to a greater extent than pathologic bacteria.

This is crucial since anytime you destroy healthy intestinal bacteria, it opens the door to increased growth of unfriendly microorganisms that can cause health problems. A 2021 study14 found three of the six commonly used artificial sweeteners impair your gut bacteria’s ability to communicate and the “effect of these artificial sweeteners on numerous molecular events that are at the core of intestinal microbial function, and by extension on the host metabolism.”

Artificial Sweetener Tricks Your Body into Storing Fat

Since the 1960s, researchers have known that your body metabolizes different types of carbohydrates in different ways, which causes hormonal and physiological responses that influence fat accumulation and metabolism.15

While the sugar industry wants you to believe that all calories are the same, you can’t undo the effects of soda by cutting back on calories in your diet since refined sugar itself wreaks havoc on your gut microbiome and your metabolism.

In late 2021,16 research showed women who consumed foods with artificial sweeteners felt hungrier and ate more food than those who simply drank a sugar-sweetened beverage. Contrary to industry claims, research shows that artificial sweeteners stimulate your appetite, increase cravings for carbohydrates and produce a variety of metabolic dysfunctions that promote fat storage and weight gain.

For a list of research supporting dysfunction in fat storage and weight gain associated with consuming artificial sweeteners see “Reconfirmed: Artificial Sweeteners Make You Sick.” There is also a mounting number of studies that have shown artificial sweeteners raise your risk of obesity and Type 2 diabetes, perhaps to an even greater degree than sugar.

One animal study17 presented at the annual Experimental Biology conference in San Diego confirmed these results while exploring how different sweeteners affect the way food is used and stored, including the effect on vascular function. The researchers concluded:18

“Overall, results of this study suggest that exposure to high glucose and artificial sweetener administration lead to unique mechanisms of vascular impairment and homeostatic alterations that may be important during the onset and progression of diabetes and obesity.”

Diet Soda Linked to Depression, Gout and More

A damaged gut microbiome, fat storage and an increased risk of obesity may help explain how diet soda is linked to so many health conditions. A 2024 study19 showed sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) increase your risk of cardiovascular disease as an adult regardless of your activity level.

The study evaluated 13,269 cardiovascular disease events and compared the results to those who never or rarely consume sweetened beverages against those who consumed two or more each day. They found a dose-dependent response, concluding:20

“Higher SSB intake was associated with CVD risk regardless of physical activity levels. These results support current recommendations to limit the intake of SSBs even for physically active individuals.”

Data have also linked sugar and artificially sweetened beverages with an increased risk of depression. Research21 showed that drinking four servings of soda a day increased the risk of depression by 30% compared to those who did not drink sweetened beverages of any kind.

People who drank primarily diet soda had a 31% increased risk of suffering depression, regular soda was associated with a 22% increased risk and those who drank diet fruit drinks had a 51% higher risk of depression. Regular fruit drinks were associated with a more modest 8% increased risk.

For a discussion of the potential pathways sugar impacts mental health, see “How Dietary Intervention Lifts Depression.” Soda and other SSBs are a leading source of added sugar, with 6 in 10 youths and 5 in 10 adults drinking at least one beverage on any given day.22 Even the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states:23

“Frequently drinking sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with weight gain/obesity, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, kidney diseases, nonalcoholic liver disease, tooth decay and cavities and gout, a type of arthritis.”

However, the CDC only suggests that “limiting the amount of SSB intake can help individuals maintain a healthy weight and have a healthy diet,” stopping far short of advising Americans to ditch these unhealthy drinks to avoid chronic disease.

Aspartame Has Been Linked to Many Health Problems

Aspartame is another powerful artificial sweetener that has been linked to a significant number of health conditions. A 2022 animal study24 found that at doses equivalent to 15% below the FDA-recommended maximum daily intake for humans, aspartame produced anxiety-type behavior and changes in genetic expression in areas of the brain that regulate anxiety and fear.

These changes in the amygdala occurred in the aspartame-exposed animals and in up to two generations that descended from aspartame-exposed males. The artificial sweetener is found in a long list of processed foods and beverages. In 2023, the World Health Organization’s International Research Agency on Cancer announced that aspartame is a possible carcinogen.25

Try Swapping Your Soda for Clean Water or Hibiscus Tea

If you’re drinking artificially sweetened, zero-calorie beverages it’s important to understand that they do not help if you’re overweight or have insulin resistance. Instead, they probably will make matters worse. I firmly believe ditching soda and other sweetened beverages is one of the most important steps you can take to improve your weight and your overall health.

Remember, pure water is zero calories, and you can easily add flavor by squeezing in fresh lemon or lime or a piece of frozen fruit. If you’re looking for something that’s more than water, consider swapping it for tea instead.

Drinking tea is flavorful and adds a healthy boost to your diet. Hibiscus tea has a pleasantly sharp flavor that’s like the tartness of cranberries and you can find it in liquid extract form, which allows you to add it to your glass of water. Hibiscus tea is rich in polyphenols and has other health benefits including protecting your liver and preventing metabolic syndrome.26

Editor’s Note: This article is a reprint. It was originally published November 25, 2017.

I am so pleased to post this video and I hope it gives you as much joy as it did me when I first viewed it on 60 Minutes. It is beyond extraordinary to have a glimpse into someone as exceptionally talented as 12-year-old Alma. My only regret is that there is no way to post this without exposing you to a minutelong drug commercial, which I’m sure you realize I don’t endorse. For some of you, it may be the only time you see these commercials so let them entertain you.

Most of us are gifted with some degree of natural talent — something we do better, or with greater ease, than the average person. And then, there’s the true prodigies; people with seemingly unnatural talent. Their gift is so profound, and comes from God-only-knows-where. Alma Deutscher, from Basingstoke, England, is a perfect example of the latter.1

There are a number of musical prodigies out there, but Alma has most of them beat. She was able to name notes on the piano at age 2 and began playing piano and violin at the tender age of 3. Within a year of tutoring, she was playing Handel sonatas on the violin.

She’s now considered a virtuoso of both instruments. By the age of 4, she’d already begun composing her own melodies, and by 6 she’d written her first piano sonata. This was followed by a violin and orchestra concerto at 9.

In December last year, her full-length opera, “Cinderella,” premiered at the Casino Baumgarten Theatre in Vienna,2 the city of music, performed by the Viennese opera group, Oh!pera — an unattainable dream even for many adult composers who’ve spent a lifetime perfecting their craft. Alma, who wrote the score for every single instrument, and the lyrics, was 11 years old. The 2.5-hour long opera, with a musical score running 237 pages, received standing ovations.

Cinderella Reinvented by 11-Year-Old Prodigy

Many were also wowed by her creative reinvention of the classical tale of Cinderella. Rather than being matched with her true love by the way of a lost glass slipper of a particularly minute size — an idea Alma found to be “quite silly” — Cinderella is a talented composer and the pining prince is a poet. The tale is set in an opera production company run by the evil stepmother. The two stepsisters are divas with little talent and much vile.

Cinderella, with a natural talent for composing, is not allowed to perform. Meanwhile, the prince writes a love poem that ends up in Cinderella’s hands. Not knowing the identity of the poet, she falls in love with the words and sets them to music. After having her composition stolen by her evil stepsisters, who do their best to sing it at the ball, Cinderella finally gets her chance to perform for the prince.

The prince is enthralled by the enchanting melody, and sets out to discover who wrote the music to his poem. As in the classical story, he travels the land searching for his soulmate, but instead of looking for the foot that fits into the slipper, he sings a portion of the melody, knowing only the true composer can properly finish the song.

So, the prince falls in love with Cinderella not because of her physical beauty or tiny feet, but because of her talent, and because “he understands her,” to use Alma’s explanation. In other words, he recognizes his soulmate as a talented equal.

“I didn’t want Cinderella just to be pretty. I wanted her to have her own mind and her own spirit. And to be a little bit like me. So, I decided that she would be a composer,” Alma explains.3 “Cinderella” made its American sold-out debut December 16 at the Opera San Jose.4

Where Does the Music Come From?

Most interviews with Alma include the same question: Where does her music come from? In a “60 Minutes” interview, Scott Pelley received the following answer:5

“I don’t really know, but it’s really very normal to me to … walk around and having melodies popping into my head. It’s the most normal thing in the world. For me, it’s strange to walk around and not to have melodies popping into my head. So, if I was interviewing you, I would say, ‘Well, tell me Scott, how does it feel not having melodies popping into your head?'”

Oftentimes, the music comes when she’s most relaxed, either playing outdoors with her younger sister, or skipping rope. Her father, Guy Deutscher, a linguistics professor and amateur musician, taught her to read musical notes, but questions the influence of his role in her immense ability to create music, including scores for instruments she does not play.

He tells Pelley, “I thought it was me [that taught her to read music]. I hardly had to say [any]thing — and, you know, her piano teacher once said ‘it’s a bit difficult with Alma; it’s difficult to teach her because one always has the sense she’d ‘been there’ before.'” Alma also says she has “lots of composers” inside her mind, in a special “country” she created in her imagination.

These imaginary friends provide her with the emotional juices her tender youth lacks. Each one has their own emotional style of composing. One of them, Antonin Yellowsink, helped her compose a “dark and dramatic” violin concerto. “[S]ometimes when I’m stuck with something, when I’m composing, I go to them and ask them for advice. And quite often, they come up with very interesting things,” she says.

Would Rather Be Original Alma Than Second Mozart

Many compare Alma to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791),6 one of the few childhood prodigies that can even compare to Alma’s talent. However, while flattered, Alma insists she would rather “prefer to be the first Alma than the second Mozart.” That said, she has a great affinity for the famed composer and musician, and “would have loved” to have him as a teacher.

The question is whether Alma wouldn’t have ended up teaching Mozart a thing or two. In a concerto in Israel, Alma performed one of Mozart’s piano concertos with a cadenza — a musical interlude where the orchestra goes silent, allowing the soloist to perform his or her own music. But in this case, Alma didn’t just perform Mozart’s solo. She created her own.

“It’s something that I composed because, you see, it’s a very early concerto of Mozart and the cadenza was very simple. It didn’t go to any different keys,” she tells Pelley. “And I composed quite a long one going to lots and lots of different keys doing lots of things in Mozart’s motifs,” Alma says. “So, you improved the cadenza of Mozart?” Pelley asks, to which she replies, “Well, yes.”

Robert Gjerdingen, a professor of music at Northwestern in Chicago who has acted as a “consultant to Alma’s education,” had the following to say about his star protégé:

“It’s kind of a comet that goes by and everybody looks up and just goes, ‘Wow.’ I sent her some assignments when she was six, seven, where I expected her to crash and burn, because they were very difficult.

It came back, it was like listening to a mid-18th century composer. She was a native speaker … It’s her first language — she speaks the Mozart-style. She speaks the style of Mendelssohn … She’s batting in the big leagues. And if you win the pennant, there’s immortality.”

The Many Benefits of Music

As for why she composes, Alma says her inspiration is to “make the world a better place,” and she believes beautiful music can do that. She is undoubtedly correct. Music is a form of emotional communication, an emotional protolanguage of sorts, and like emotions it can have a tremendous influence on psychological and even physical health. For example, music has been found to:

Help you exercise harder, while making it feel easier

Help Alzheimer’s patients reconnect with people around them, remember past life events and reduce agitation associated with dementia

Allow patients with Parkinson’s disease move more freely.7 The music appears to provide an external rhythm that bypasses the malfunctioning signals in the brain

Improve your mood; calm nerves; reduce stress and/or invigorate and energize

Facilitate connection and unification between people. Despite individual differences in musical preferences, classical music has been shown to elicit a very consistent pattern of brain activity in virtually all listeners. Areas activated include those involved in movement, planning, memory and attention. This brain activation creates a sort of unifying force that synchronizes and unifies people together8

What Happens in Your Brain When You Hear Music?

When you listen to music, much more is happening in your body than simple auditory processing. Research shows that music triggers activity in the nucleus accumbens, a part of your brain that releases the feel-good chemical dopamine and is involved in forming expectations. At the same time, the amygdala, which is involved in processing emotion, and the prefrontal cortex, which makes possible abstract decision-making, are also activated.9

Based on the brain activity in certain regions, especially the nucleus accumbens, captured by an fMRI imager while participants listened to music, the researchers could predict how much money the listeners were willing to spend on previously unheard music. As you might suspect, songs that triggered activity in the emotional and intellectual areas of the brain demanded a higher price.

Interestingly, the study’s lead author noted that your brain learns how to predict how different pieces of music will unfold using pattern recognition and prediction, skills that may have been key to our evolutionary progress. As reported by Time:10

“These predictions are culture-dependent and based on experience: someone raised on rock or Western classical music won’t be able to predict the course of an Indian raga, for example, and vice versa. But if a piece develops in a way that’s both slightly novel and still in line with our brain’s prediction, we tend to like it a lot. And that, says [lead researcher] Salimpoor, ‘is because we’ve made a kind of intellectual conquest.’

Music may, in other words, tap into a brain mechanism that was key to our evolutionary progress. The ability to recognize patterns and generalize from experience, to predict what’s likely to happen in the future — in short, the ability to imagine — is something humans do far better than any other animals. It’s what allowed us (aided by the far less glamorous opposable thumb) to take over the world.”

Alma’s future passion project is to write a book, turn it into a film and write the musical score. I hope you’ll take the time to view the featured 25-minute documentary about Alma Deutscher, and revel in her musical talent. You will not regret it. Then, if you’re eager for more, you can listen to some of the “Cinderella” performances in the 1.5-hour-long recording above. May she inspire you to help make the world a better place, every day.

Editor’s Note: This article is a reprint. It was originally published May 21, 2019.

I’ve written about the collusion between industry and the U.S. federal regulatory agencies on many occasions throughout the years, and how industry-funded research simply tends to promote and support the industry agenda rather than shed truthful light on the benefits or risks of any given product.

In recent years, the hidden influence of The Coca-Cola Company over health and sugar science has been highlighted several times and, according to recent findings, it appears the company has not changed its secretive and deceptive ways, despite public assurances of transparency.

Documents obtained via Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests reveal Coca-Cola’s research agreements with certain universities give the company questionable rights over the research process, while other FOIA documents show Coca-Cola has an unreasonable amount of influence over the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Truly, having a public health organization that protects and supports industry rather than looking out for public health is worse than having no public health protection agency at all, and making health decisions on Coca-Cola funded research is bound to lead public health in the wrong direction — which is exactly what’s been happening.

Coke’s Research Agreements Allow It to Bury Unfavorable Findings

Big Soda’s core message has been that the obesity epidemic is driven by a lack of activity, as opposed to indulging in sugar-based foods and beverages, despite overwhelming scientific evidence you will never be able to out-exercise your diet.

Recent FOIA documents obtained by the nonprofit consumer and public health watchdog organization U.S. Right to Know (USRTK) offer an explanation as to how the company can influence research to support and promulgate this false idea.1,2,3,4 As noted in a commentary in The British Medical Journal:5

“The research team, from the University of Cambridge, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the University of Bocconi, and non-profit group US Right to Know, looked at five research agreements made with four universities: Louisiana State University, University of South Carolina, University of Toronto, and the University of Washington.

They found that, although the contracts show that Coca-Cola does not have day-to-day control of the research, it has various rights throughout the process … This is despite Coca-Cola’s website stating that ‘in no event does The Coca-Cola Company have the right to prevent the publication of research results’ …

The authors are now calling on corporate funders to publish lists of terminated studies and on scientists to publish industry agreements to show that their findings are free from influence.”

Just how much influence do the agreements grant Coca-Cola? According to the featured paper,6 published in the Journal of Public Health Policy, the research contract provisions give Coke:7

The right to review and comment on studies before publication

Intellectual property rights connected to the research8,9

Control over study data

Control over disclosure of results

Control over acknowledgment of Coca-Cola funding, meaning the company could prevent the researchers from disclosing that their funding came from Coke

Power to terminate studies early for any reason, including no reason

Coke-Funded Science Cannot Be Trusted

In a USRTK press release, Gary Ruskin, co-director of USRTK and co-author of the paper, commented:10

“These contracts suggest that Coke wanted the power to bury research it funded that might detract from its image or profits. With the power to trumpet positive findings and bury negative ones, Coke-funded ‘science’ seems somewhat less than science and more like an exercise in public relations.”

Marion Nestle, Ph.D.,11 professor of nutrition and public health at New York University and author of “Soda Politics,” in which she dissects the many ways in which funding from the food and beverage industry influences scientific results, calls the USRTK findings “jaw-dropping.” She told Inverse:12

“It demonstrates what we have all long suspected. Companies that sponsor research make sure that they get what they pay for. The study documents the involvement of Coca-Cola in many aspects of developing research projects.

It is no surprise that its funded research typically comes out with results that are useful for Coca-Cola marketing purposes. Industry funded research is marketing research, not scientific research.”

High Time for All Branches of Science to Mandate Preregistration of Studies

Since September 27, 2007, Section 801 of the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act requires any clinical trial being undertaken to be registered, and summary results must be submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov13 regardless of the outcome of the study. The reason for this is to help prevent publication bias where only positive findings see the light of day.

Unfortunately, this law only applies to certain clinical trials of drugs, biological products and medical devices,14 and while researchers in many other fields have taken to preregistering their studies,15,16 which means they must also publish their results, it’s not a blanket requirement across the board.

As of yet, preregistration of trials is not a requirement for nutritional research, although there’s a movement toward it. As noted in the 2015 editorial “Goals in Nutrition Science 2015-2020,” published in Frontiers of Nutrition:17

“[T]here is a general movement in science for ‘Transparency and Openness Promotion,’ formalized in ‘The TOP Guidelines.’18 The guidelines recognize eight standards: citation, data transparency, analytic methods (code) transparency, research materials transparency, design and analysis transparency, preregistration of studies, preregistration of analysis plans, and replication.

These standards aim to improve the communication of science, allowing improved understanding and replicability of results. Because the TOP Guidelines are being adopted across fields of science, the field of nutrition will not have to act in isolation to improve its scientific practices. Instead, we can build on and work with the minds and resources coming from a spectrum of scientific inquiry.”

Another paper,19 “Best Practices in Nutrition Science to Earn and Keep the Public’s Trust,” published in January 2019, also highlights the TOP (transparency and openness promotion) guidelines that call for preregistration of studies.

On a quick side note, the first analysis20 of preregistered studies reveals there’s been a sharp increase in null findings, suggesting the practice is working as intended.

As reported by Nature, “Studies that preregister their protocols publish more negative findings that don’t support their hypothesis, than those that don’t.”21 This is important, because when mainly positive studies are published, it can easily create the false appearance that the evidence for a particular treatment is far stronger than it actually is.

CDC Colludes With Coca-Cola to Deceive You

Earlier this year, another batch of emails obtained via FOIA requests (after USRTK sued the CDC to get a response) revealed Coca-Cola was actively lobbying the CDC “to advance corporate objectives rather than health, including to influence the World Health Organization,” USRTK said in a post on its website,22 adding that the documentation demonstrates “a need for clearer policies on avoiding partnerships with manufacturers of harmful products.”

These documents, featuring correspondence between Coca-Cola executives and the CDC, can be found in the USCF Food Industry Documents online archive.23,24 A paper25,26,27,28 detailing the connections between Coke and the CDC based on the email cache was published in The Milbank Quarterly in January 2019. In a press release announcing the publication of the paper, USRTK said:29

“Coca-Cola’s contact with the CDC shows the company’s interest in gaining access to CDC employees, to lobby policymakers, and to frame the obesity debate by shifting attention and blame away from sugar-sweetened beverages …

‘It is not the proper role of the CDC to abet companies that manufacture harmful products,’ said Gary Ruskin, co-director of U.S. Right to Know. ‘Congress should investigate whether Coca-Cola and other companies that harm public health are unethically influencing the CDC, and subverting its efforts to protect the health of all Americans.’

‘Once again we see the grave risks that arise when public health organisations [sic] partner with manufacturers of products that pose a threat to health,’ said Martin McKee, professor of European public health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.

‘Sadly, as this example, and more recent ones in the United Kingdom show, these risks are not always appreciated by those who should know better.’”

CDC Official Helped Coke Influence World Health Organization

In March 2015, WHO published a new sugar guideline that specifically targeted sugary beverages, calling them out as a primary cause for childhood obesity around the world, especially in developing nations, where the soda industry is now aggressively expanding its reach.

WHOs recommendation to limit soda consumption was a huge blow to an already beleaguered soda industry, struggling to maintain a declining market share amid mounting evidence identifying sweetened drinks as a primary contributor to the obesity and diabetes epidemics.

Email correspondence between Alex Malaspina, a former Coca-Cola scientific and regulatory affairs leader and the founder of the food industry-funded group International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), and Barbara Bowman, Ph.D., then-director of the CDC’s Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, revealed Bowman repeatedly tried to help Malaspina get an audience with WHO officials, with the aim to talk them into relaxing the sugar limits.30,31

As noted by the USRTK,32 while Bowman’s job was to prevent obesity and related health problems, she “appeared happy to help the beverage industry cultivate political sway with the World Health Organization.”

Bowman left the agency at the end of June 2016, just two days after the initial reports about her cozy relationship with Coke were made public,33 which suggests she understood full well how inappropriate her behavior was.

This case also highlights the reality of corporate loyalty. As reported by the Huffington Post,34 early in her career, Bowman worked as a senior nutritionist for Coca-Cola. She also co-wrote one of the editions of a nutritional book published by ILSI.35

It’s human nature to remain loyal to former employers and colleagues, which is why the revolving door between industry and the agencies that regulate them is so problematic. People don’t shed their corporate mindset just because they get a government title and a new set of responsibilities.

Latest Coca-Cola Funded Study Again Blames Inactivity for Childhood Obesity

Coca-Cola and other soda makers have invested a lot of money in research and PR efforts aimed at protecting sales through misdirection. Coca-Cola in particular has worked hard to make it seem as though they’re concerned about public health while secretly undermining real efforts to improve it.

For example, a historical analysis36 published in 2016 found the sugar industry funded research that identified dietary fat as the culprit in heart disease, not sugar, and didn’t disclose that funding.

A 2017 study37 revealed that while sponsoring 95 U.S. health organizations, Coke was lobbying against public health bills aimed at reducing soda consumption through taxing, sugar limits and other strategies.

Coca-Cola and many other junk food manufacturers are also notorious for funding — and thus influencing — food and nutrition conferences and education.38

Most recently, a Coke-funded study39 published in the International Journal of Obesity January 31, 2019, evaluated “the single and joint associations of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time on week and weekend days with obesity in children from 12 countries …”

They concluded the odds of obesity were highest among those who got the least amount of physical activity on both weekdays and weekends. Children with the lowest odds of obesity were the most active throughout the whole week. As noted by Nestle in her Food Politics blog:40

“This is another paper from the ISCOLE study funded by Coca-Cola, that seems to be aimed at casting doubt on the idea that sugary beverages might promote weight gain. Instead, these results suggest that physical activity is a more important factor.

Of course physical activity is important for health, but doesn’t expend nearly as many calories as is usually needed to compensate for soft drink intake. I learned about this study from a Weighty Matters blog post41 by Dr. Yoni Freedhoff, who runs a weight management center in Ottawa.

In his view, the ISCOLE study ignores evidence42 that childhood obesity is a determinant of physical activity, ‘not the other way around.’ He also questions the ‘no influence’ statement in the funding disclosure, on the basis of emails43 between ISCOLE investigators and Coca-Cola that not surprisingly suggests that these relationships have the very real potential to influence the framing of results even if funders [are] not involved in study design.

As I discuss in ‘Unsavory Truth,’ the influence of food-industry funders appears to occur at an unconscious level; investigators do not recognize the influence and typically deny it.”

Editor’s Note: This article is a reprint. It was originally published June 23, 2019.

Zen Honeycutt, founder of Moms Across America, is nothing if not committed to action. In this inspiring interview, we discuss her book, “Unstoppable: Transforming Sickness and Struggle Into Triumph, Empowerment and a Celebration of Community,” which delves into the state of the world’s food supply, how to navigate through the many hazards of the standard American diet, and how you can become a powerful change agent yourself.

Like so many other parents, Honeycutt struggled to identify the roots of her children’s many health issues, which included allergies, autoimmune problems and symptoms of autism.

“I was completely confused and baffled,” she says. “Why was this happening? My kids had 19, 20 and 22 food allergies [respectively]. My husband and I had none of them. What was going on with the food supply? Thanks to Robyn O’Brien, Jeffrey Smith and all the scientists who started exposing information, I found out about genetically modified organisms (GMOs).”

She also discovered the disturbing truth about glyphosate, and how this pernicious weed killer, used on a wide variety of foods, whether they’re GMO or not, decimates your gut microbiome and contributes to a host of health problems, some of which plagued her own children.

“The problem is glyphosate’s so prevalent. This is the declared active chemical ingredient in Roundup that 80% of GMOs are engineered to withstand. It’s sprayed on all kinds of crops as a drying agent. It’s in most of our food.

And then you combine that with all the other toxins in our environment, in our vaccines, in our pajamas, in our sofas and baby bottles and all of that — you’ve got all these chemicals and toxins coming at our kids. That’s just a recipe for disaster.

Our kids are sick. One out of 2 children have a chronic illness; 1 in 2 males and 1 in 3 females are expected to get cancer in America today. That’s not OK with me. That was the impetus for me starting Moms Across America. It was to raise awareness about GMOs and toxic chemicals in our food supply.”

Standing Up to Monsanto

On January 30, 2015, Honeycutt was given the opportunity to speak at a Monsanto shareholders meeting1 as a proxy for the John Harrington Investment Group. You can read her presentation here. The referendum she presented was passed, causing Monsanto’s stock to significantly drop in the aftermath.

“I think a lot of the shareholders in that room probably were uncomfortable with owning Monsanto’s stock after that meeting,” she says. “That was probably one of the most terrifying and significant moments of my life, because I had the opportunity to speak on behalf of parents … with sick children.

I got to stand up in front of the entire shareholders meeting and basically hold them to account, to say how their products are harming our children. I got to meet Hugh Grant … the former chief executive officer (CEO) of Monsanto.

I looked him in the eye and said, ‘You know, Mr. Grant, it takes a big man to make a big and powerful company. But it takes an even bigger man to acknowledge when something’s not working and to go in a new direction … Moms Across America is looking forward to the day when Monsanto makes products that no longer harm our children.’

He said, ‘We’re always looking forward to have progress. We’ve got science on our side.’ I said, ‘Well, we actually have science on our side too, [and it shows] that your products harm our children … Just consider, what if you’re wrong? What are the consequences?’ … There’s … global consequence.’

He said, ‘If you’re wrong, you’re worrying an awful lot of people.’ I said, ‘But if I’m wrong, the consequence is only that people are eating organic. There’s nothing wrong with organic’ …

So many of us get concerned about … ‘What if trolls come after me? What if I get attacked?’ People are actually concerned for their physical safety in this climate right now. But … we cannot be stopped … We need to be unstoppable … We cannot let fear interfere with our commitment. We need to take action … Chemical companies should not be involved in our food supply. That’s all there is to it.”

As noted by Honeycutt, it’s important to realize that the science Monsanto (now Bayer) claims is on their side was bought and paid for by them. Some studies have even been shown to have been ghostwritten by the company itself. Such facts have come out during the discovery process of some of the lawsuits against Monsanto, which now number well over 11,000.

Meanwhile, many peer-reviewed, independent studies have found glyphosate-based herbicides to be carcinogenic.2 Glyphosate has also been shown to be a DNA mutagen, a chelator of important minerals,3 an antibiotic,4 an endocrine disruptor5,6 and more.7,8,9,10,11

Research12 even found that among children born of women with high exposure to glyphosate during pregnancy the rate of autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability was 30% higher than among those born of mothers who lived further from highly-sprayed areas. Children who on top of that were exposed to pesticides during their first year were at 50% increased risk.

As noted by Honeycutt, while the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s review13 found glyphosate was not a carcinogen, its conclusion was based on industry-funded science, not independent science. In fact, according to some of the members on the scientific advisory panel convened to evaluate the strength of the EPA’s decision, the agency violated its own guidelines by discounting and downplaying data from studies linking glyphosate to cancer.14

Turning Devastation Into Triumph

More often than not, people who stand up to big industry end up paying a high price. Many lose their careers in the process. A similar situation, although impossible to prove, happened to the Honeycutts. Two weeks after Honeycutt attended Monsanto’s shareholders meeting, an outside consultant came into and reorganized her husband’s company.

“My husband was the only one fired,” Honeycutt says. “Now, I can’t say that it was definitely connected to Monsanto, but Monsanto was one of their clients. My husband was in the information technology (IT) division. He had nothing to do with Monsanto. He had nothing to do with sales. I don’t even think he knew that they were a client for a very long time, not until I got into this.

He lost his job. At first we thought it was devastating … But … everything that seems devastating can actually be the best thing that ever happened to you … We made this into the best thing that ever happened to us. My husband got search engine optimization training. He became a consultant. His company is called Organic Results.

He now does consulting for companies that we believe in, to improve the traffic to their websites. He’s a consultant for Moms Across America. He runs our marketing. He … helps us with our Health Solutions Store … He’s been an integral part of Moms Across America, and part of the reason why we’re able to still stay around.

The cool thing is we get to work together every day. He gets to be with our sons who are 16, 13 and 10 now. They get to have their dad around. It’s just phenomenal. I just absolutely love that we get to do what we’re doing.”

Eating Organic Can Make a World of Difference

As mentioned, all three of Honeycutt’s children struggled with food allergies. Her oldest son had a severe allergic reaction at 18 months after eating a nut. At the age of 5, he nearly died on Thanksgiving due to a pecan in the stuffing.

“One day, when he was about 8 years old, he had this rash around his mouth that had been going on and off for about seven months. It would last for about two weeks at a time. We didn’t know what it was. He looked at me really forlornly. He said, ‘Mom, I wish all my allergies would go away.’ I said, ‘Me too, buddy.’ But in my head, I was thinking, ‘That’s never going to happen.’

Then I realized what I was saying in my head. I was like, ‘Wait a second. That’s not what I’m committed to. I’m committed to empowerment. What if there was something we could do?’ I remembered my cousin, Sara, who had gone gluten-free for a long time and then was able to eat gluten about a year later.

I said, ‘Ben, would you like to be able to eat a slice of pizza or have a piece of birthday cake at a birthday party like a year from now?’ I painted that picture; that future. He said yes. I said, ‘Well then, would you be my partner in your health? Would you drink green drinks and go to alternative doctors?’ He said yes … We made a deal, and he did.

I did the research. He took the actions. He drank the green drinks. We took care of his gut bacteria. Within four months of going GMO-free, the rash was dramatically better. You could barely see it. It was a faint pink line under his lip if he was exposed to the allergen, which we figured out was carrageenan, by going to an alternative doctor.

And then within about a year or two of going organic … his allergies to walnuts and pecans went from a 19 down to 0.2. He no longer has a life-threatening food allergy. The peace of mind that I have as a mother that my son won’t die from food is priceless. It’s enormous. Our doctors’ bills, by the way, are dramatically lower.

We used to spend $12,000 to $15,000 with good health insurance. Now it’s maybe a couple hundred. It’s nothing. That’s just for checkups or whatever. We haven’t had to go for a sick doctor visit in three and a half years. He’s dramatically better.”

Autism Symptoms Linked to Glyphosate Exposure

Honeycutt’s second child developed a sudden onset of autism symptoms. “He was basically like an 8-year-old who was acting like a 3- or 4-year old. He was having tantrums. His grades went from As to Ds in math … His behavior was very erratic. He was trying to hit us … He was not being himself.” Honeycutt says.

A medical checkup revealed he had gut dysbiosis caused by C. difficile. According to the doctor, who specialized in autism, the inflammation in his gut was also causing inflammation in his brain. Glyphosate is known to do this, which prompted the Honeycutt’s to have him tested for glyphosate exposure.

“My son was the first one to be tested in America for glyphosate in his urine. We had finally initiated that. Moms Across America had put out the word to everybody. You can get your urine, your tap water and your breast milk tested for glyphosate.

His levels were eight times higher than was ever found in Europe, when Friends of the Earth did testing in Europe. I was furious that Roundup was in my son. We went 100% organic. Within six weeks, we retested him. His glyphosate levels were no longer detectable, and his autism symptoms were gone.

All we did was take care of his gut. We did give him an antifungal. We didn’t have to do a probiotic in there, but we gave him lots of sauerkraut, organic food. He ate no sugar from Thanksgiving to New Year’s, so he didn’t feed the bad gut bacteria. He recovered. He has not had a single autism symptom [in] five years now.”

Glyphosate Found in Vaccines

Now, food is not the only source of glyphosate exposure. Years ago, Honeycutt came across a Facebook post listing vaccine ingredients. Among them: polysorbate 80 — which like glyphosate can break down the blood-brain barrier and let toxins in — aluminum, bovine serum (blood) and egg.

Honeycutt realized some of these ingredients are likely GMO, or have been fed GMOs, and if so, they’re likely contaminated with glyphosate since glyphosate cannot be washed off. When an animal eats glyphosate-contaminated feed, their body parts become contaminated as well. Moms Across America sent five childhood vaccines to be tested for glyphosate, and every single one of them came back positive.

“The measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine came back 25 times higher than the other vaccines. Another scientist independently tested 14 more vaccines, and they also came back and confirmed our results,” Honeycutt says.

“His MMR vaccine came back 35 times higher. We all know that the problem around the MMR vaccine is that … it causes gut dysbiosis. [Andrew Wakefield] didn’t say it causes autism. He said it causes gut dysbiosis. Incidentally, practically every child who has autism has gut dysbiosis.

This, to me, was huge, because what I’m thinking is, ‘What if glyphosate in vaccines is one of the major contributing factors to vaccine damage?’ If you think about it, mercury was in vaccines back in 1929, but it wasn’t until the late ’90s when GMOs and glyphosate came on the scene that there was a huge spike in autism.

Now, to be fair, there was also a huge spike in the numbers of vaccines given. Our children are now getting 49 doses by age 12 and 69 doses by age 18. The numbers of vaccines our children are getting are also extremely high. But there are children who get one vaccine and they’re damaged after that. You have to look at what changed in the ingredients.”

Another variable that happened in the late ’90s was the dramatic increase in exposure to wireless radiation, and this too may be a significant contributor. There may even be a toxic synergy between the two that is contributing to the health deterioration we now see in so many children. The good news is that you have the ability to make a difference.

More Information

Aside from reading Honeycutt’s book, “Unstoppable: Transforming Sickness and Struggle Into Triumph, Empowerment and a Celebration of Community,” you can also learn more by visiting MomsAcrossAmerica.org and signing up for their newsletter. When you sign up, you’ll receive a free mini e-book of “Unstoppable.” Under the Action tab, you can also sign up to volunteer and post events.

“When you have that event, we know you’re serious about getting the word out, so we send you free materials,” Honeycutt says. “You only have to pay for shipping … We have some great flyers, ‘Why Eat Organic?’ ‘What’s Going on With Toxins in Our Food Supply?’ … We don’t make it a scary situation. It’s just informative. We always bring solutions …

You give them a stack of 100 flyers and you say, ‘Could you leave this at your school? Or your library? Or your community center?’ … Just get the word out about what’s happening in our food supply … That’s a great way to get involved … You can also join in the 4th of July parades. It costs anywhere from nothing to maybe 30 to 50 dollars, if you want to buy a banner and also pass out flyers.

You can have movie nights. There are some great movies you can show over an organic potluck. That’s my favorite thing to do. We’ll also connect you with other moms on our Monday Moms Connect Calls at 5 p.m., Pacific time. If you sign up to our newsletter, you’ll get an invitation to that.

We’ve expanded our mission to ‘We educate and inspire mothers and others to transform the food industry and environment, creating healthy communities together.’ By environment, we include anything that’s coming at our kids. If that’s a vaccine, if it’s drugs, if it’s pollution, if it’s EMFs — no matter what it is that’s coming at our kids that’s going to overwhelm them [or] increase the toxic burden — we will address that …

To opt out of this toxic system, we need to not only eat organic food or grow our own organic food. We need to also learn how to take care of ourselves through herbs and plants and opt out of that whole Big Pharma system.”

Moms Across America is also looking for more advisers, including moms who want to help educate others on these topics. If you’re interested, please contact them.

Get Involved!

As noted by Honeycutt, everyone has a moment when they decide to take action. For her, the realization that she had the power to make a difference came early. Her father was a great supporter from an early age and when, at the age of 12, Honeycutt came home saying class president elections were coming up, he suggested she should run.

“I said, ‘Me? Why me?’ He said, ‘Why not?’ I was like, ‘Oh. OK. Why not?’ I ran and won,” she says. “If there’s something you want to do or you’re interested in doing, something you want to take on, [ask yourself] why not you? That quote from Lilly Tomlin: ‘I always thought someone should do something about that, and then I realized I am somebody’ — that’s it.

I want everybody to believe that they are somebody; that they are, in fact … amazing … My personal commitment now is to empower community leaders to be global game changers, because that’s what it’s going to take …

Moms who are watching us right now … say, ‘You know what? I’m the one who’s going to get Roundup out of my town. I’m the one who’s going to stop this vaccine mandate in my city. I’m the one who’s going to get my school to have GMO-free food.’

When you do that, you — us, all of us collectively — we change the game around the world … So, sign up to Moms Across America and see where you can start taking action. Because when you do, it’s incredibly fulfilling.”

Thousands of popular foods and drinks are made artificially sweet with chemical sweeteners. Long claimed to be a healthy choice because they contain no calories or sugar, evidence continues to emerge that consuming artificial sweeteners is a good way to wreck your health.

It doesn’t matter if you choose aspartame (Equal), sucralose (Splenda) or another artificial sweetener. Consuming these products is putting your health at risk, so much so that even the World Health Organization warned people not to consume them.

WHO Warns Against Non-Sugar Sweeteners for Weight Loss

Diet foods and drinks are among the most common products that contain artificial sweeteners. Marketed as tools for weight loss, this deceptive practice lures people into thinking they’re a smart way to shed extra pounds.

Yet, a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by the World Health Organization revealed “there is no clear consensus on whether non-sugar sweeteners are effective for long-term weight loss or maintenance, or if they are linked to other long-term health effects at intakes within the ADI.”1

In May 2023, WHO released a new guideline, advising not to use non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) for weight control because they don’t offer any long-term benefit in reducing body fat in adults or children.2

What’s more, the systematic review suggests “potential undesirable effects from long-term use of NSS, such as an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality in adults.” In a news release, Francesco Branca, WHO director for nutrition and food safety, said:

“Replacing free sugars with NSS does not help with weight control in the long term. People need to consider other ways to reduce free sugars intake, such as consuming food with naturally occurring sugars, like fruit, or unsweetened food and beverages. NSS are not essential dietary factors and have no nutritional value. People should reduce the sweetness of the diet altogether, starting early in life, to improve their health.”

The WHO guidance to avoid artificial sweeteners applies to all categories of the chemicals, including acesulfame K, aspartame, advantame, cyclamates, neotame, saccharin and sucralose. The systematic review and meta-analysis included 283 studies, which revealed artificial sweeteners are linked to an increased risk of:3

Obesity
Type 2 diabetes

High fasting glucose
All-cause mortality

Cardiovascular events
Death from cardiovascular disease

Stroke
High blood pressure

Bladder cancer
Preterm birth and possible adiposity in offspring later in life

According to the WHO study:

“Mechanisms by which NSS as a class of molecules might exert effects that increase risk for obesity and certain NCDs [non-communicable diseases] have been reviewed extensively and include interaction with extra-oral taste receptors, possibly with alteration of the gut microbiome.

Because sugars and all known NSS presumably elicit sweet taste through the TAS1R heterodimeric sweet-taste receptor, which has been identified not just in the oral cavity but in other glucose-sensing tissues, it is not surprising that such a group of vastly different chemical entities could be responsible for similar effects on health.”

Reasons To Be Wary of Sucralose

In the U.S., sucralose is the most commonly used artificial sweetener. It’s found in more than 6,000 food products, including many diet beverages. When the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved sucralose in 1998, none of the studies it reviewed involved humans.4

One of sucralose’s key marketing claims has long been that it neither metabolizes nor bioaccumulates in the human body, thus making it a basically inert substance. In 2018, however, an animal study found sucralose was metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract and accumulated in fat tissue.

This was “not part of the original regulatory decision process for this agent and indicate that it now may be time to revisit the safety and regulatory status of this organochlorine artificial sweetener,” the researchers wrote at the time.5

Based on these findings, consumer group U.S. Right to Know (USRTK) asked the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to investigate whether sucralose’s marketing claims are deceptive. According to USRTK:6

“Sucralose is 600 times sweeter than sugar and itself contains no calories. Although it has been marketed as a healthy product that can help fend off obesity and diabetes, sucralose consumption has been linked to leukemia, weight gain, obesity, diabetes, liver inflammation, metabolic dysfunction and other illnesses.”

In 2022, a study published in Microorganisms also revealed that consuming sucralose — in “amounts, far lower than the suggested ADI”7 — for just 10 weeks was enough to induce gut dysbiosis and altered glucose and insulin levels in healthy, young adults.

The bacteria most affected by sucralose appeared to belong primarily to the phylum Firmicutes, which are centrally involved in glucose and insulin metabolism. However, it doesn’t end there. Animal studies suggest the sucralose-altered gut microbiome could be involved in inflammation of the gut and liver, as well as cancer.

Additionally, a new study published May 29, 2023, in the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health found that a chemical broken down in the body when you consume sucralose is genotoxic and breaks up your DNA.8 The fat soluble compound, sucralose-6-acetate, is produced in your gut during digestion at a threshold exceeding the European Food Safety Authority’s maximum allowance for a single sucralose-sweetened drink in one day.

In their abstract,9 study authors noted the DNA-damaging implications of such toxicity: “Sucralose-6-acetate significantly increased the expression of genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and cancer … Overall, the toxicological and pharmacokinetic findings for sucralose-6-acetate raise significant health concerns regarding the safety and regulatory status of sucralose itself.”

A Warning About Sucralose Intake During Pregnancy

A 2023 study published in Biomedicines also raised red flags about consuming sucralose during pregnancy.10 Animal studies have previously found that sucralose intake during pregnancy may increase the risk of weight gain, metabolic disturbances and low-grade systemic inflammation in offspring. The research team found similar effects in humans.

The study evaluated newborns from women who had heavy sucralose intake — defined as more than 36 milligrams (mg) of sucralose a day during pregnancy — or light sucralose ingestion, defined as less than 60 mg a week. Newborns from mothers with heavy sucralose intake experienced a number of negative metabolic and inflammatory effects compared to newborns of light intake women, including:

Significant increases in birth weight and insulin
Substantial increase in the percentage of inflammatory nonclassical monocytes
Higher IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha with lower IL-10 expression

From 2000 to 2010, the consumption of artificial sweeteners increased 54% in adults and 200% in children. The researchers called for urgent investigation into the effects of artificial sweetener intake during pregnancy, which could significantly increase chronic disease burden in adulthood:

“Together with numerous studies in animal models, present results expand on the notion that sucralose and other NNS [non-nutritive sweeteners] may act as obesogenic factors during fetal development, influencing the onset of obesity and metabolic disease in childhood.

We encourage other research teams to conduct prospective cohort studies to follow up on newborns intrauterinally exposed to sucralose across the years to draw significant conclusions regarding the possible role of NNS in programming obesity and metabolic disease later in life.

The urgent need for additional investigation in this field is justified when considering that up to 50% of obese children become obese in adulthood with a 4-fold increased risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases such as T2D.”

Is Aspartame Making You Anxious?

Artificial sweeteners’ detrimental effects aren’t limited to the physical realm. Mental health effects have also been reported, including for aspartame. Approved by the FDA in 1981, aspartame can be found in close to 5,000 food and beverage products. Worldwide, 3,000 to 5,000 metric tons of aspartame are produced annually, and, like sucralose, it’s widely consumed by adults, including pregnant women, and children.11

When you consume aspartame, it’s broken down into aspartic acid, phenylalanine — a precursor of monoamine neurotransmitters — and methanol, which may have “potent” effects on your central nervous system, Florida State University (FSU) College of Medicine researchers noted.

Their study, published in PNAS, linked aspartame consumption to anxiety and found the mental health changes were passed on to future generations. The FDA’s recommended maximum daily intake value for aspartame is 50 milligrams per kilogram.

The FSU study involved mice drinking water that contained aspartame at a dosage of approximately 15% of the FDA’s maximum daily intake for humans. The dose was equivalent to a human drinking six to eight 8-ounce cans of diet soda daily.12

The mice consumed the aspartame-laced water for 12 weeks, which led to “robust, dose-dependent anxiety.”13 “It was such a robust anxiety-like trait that I don’t think any of us were anticipating we would see,” study author Sara Jones said. “It was completely unexpected. Usually you see subtle changes.”14

The study came about after the research team looked at the transgenerational effects of nicotine, revealing epigenetic changes in sperm cells. Similar effects may be occurring from artificial sweeteners. Study co-author Pradeep Bhide, the Jim and Betty Ann Rodgers Eminent Scholar Chair of Developmental Neuroscience in the Department of Biomedical Sciences, explained:15

“What this study is showing is we need to look back at the environmental factors, because what we see today is not only what’s happening today, but what happened two generations ago and maybe even longer.”

Mice exposed to aspartame had changes in the expression of genes that regulate excitation-inhibition balance in the amygdala, a region of the brain involved in regulating anxiety and fear. The changes were also seen in up to two generations from the aspartame-exposed mice.16

Aspartame Linked to Cancer, Weight Gain

There’s no reason to consume aspartame if you value your health. Like sucralose, it’s linked to a number of serious health problems, including:17

Cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Alzheimer’s disease

Seizures
Stroke and dementia
Intestinal dysbiosis

Mood disorders
Headaches
Migraines

Adding insult to injury, since many people consume aspartame thinking it will help them “diet,” it’s also linked to weight gain, increased appetite and obesity-related diseases.

In a 2017 systematic review and meta-analysis18 published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, consuming artificial sweeteners was associated with increases in weight and waist circumference along with increased incidence of obesity, high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events.

Regarding cancer, a 2022 population-based cohort study published in PLOS Medicine, which involved 102,865 adults, revealed artificial sweeteners — especially aspartame and acesulfame-K — were associated with increased cancer risk, including breast cancer and obesity-related cancers.19

Are You Ready to Ditch Artificial Sweeteners?

It’s clear that artificial sweeteners have no place in a healthy diet. Fortunately, as you work to eliminate ultraprocessed foods from your meals, you’ll naturally consume less artificial sweeteners, which are primarily found in products like diet drinks, desserts, candies, snacks and flavored yogurts. Be aware, however, that they’re also hidden in condiments, salad dressing and medications, so you’ll need to read labels to ensure you avoid them.

If cravings are stopping you from giving up these toxic sweeteners, the video above shows how to use the Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), a psychological acupressure tool, when you feel a craving coming on. It can help you overcome the urge to consume a poisonous artificial sweetener.

Other natural craving-busters include sour foods like fermented vegetables or water with lemon juice. When you feel the urge to eat something artificially sweet, grab a glass of water or tea with citrus juice added for a much healthier treat.

Editor’s Note: This article is a reprint. It was originally published October 16, 2018.

Recent research into the health effects of artificial sweeteners deliver yet another blow to safety claims. The animal study,1,2,3,4,5 published in the journal Molecules, found all artificial sweeteners currently approved and deemed safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration cause DNA damage in, and interfere with the normal and healthy activity of gut bacteria. The artificial sweeteners included in this study included:

Artificial sweetener
Brand name(s)

Aspartame
NutraSweet, Spoonful, Canderel, Equal, NatraTaste Blue

Sucralose
Splenda, Zerocal, Sukrana, SucraPlus, Candys, Cukren and Nevella

Saccharin
Sweet ‘N Low, Sweet Twin, Sugar Twin, Necta Sweet

Neotame
Newtame

Advantame
(No brand names)

Acesulfame potassium-k
Sunnette, Sweet One, ACE, ACE K, Sweet ‘N Safe

All Artificial Sweeteners Are Toxic to Gut Bacteria

As reported by Business Insider,6 the research team concluded that all of these sweeteners “had a toxic, stressing effect, making it difficult for gut microbes to grow and reproduce.” While the authors do not directly refer to them as having antibiotic effects, when something is killing bacteria, that’s essentially what’s happening.

According to the researchers, the effects on your gut health may in turn affect your body’s ability to process regular sugar and other carbohydrates. According to this study, the toxic limit for these artificial sweeteners appears to be around 1 milligram per milliliter (mg/mL).

Ariel Kushmaro, Ph.D., professor of microbial biotechnology at Ben-Gurion University and lead author, told Business Insider, “We are not claiming that it’s toxic to human beings. We’re claiming that it might be toxic to the gut bacteria, and by that, will influence us.”

Sweetener-Specific Effects

While, overall, all six artificial sweeteners were found to have toxic effects on gut bacteria, there were individual differences in the type and amount of damage they produced. For example:

Saccharin caused the greatest, most widespread damage, exhibiting both cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, meaning it is toxic to cells and damages genetic information in the cell (which can cause mutations).
Neotame was found to cause metabolic disruption in mice, and raised concentrations of several fatty acids, lipids and cholesterol. Several gut genes were also decreased by this sweetener.
Aspartame and acesulfame potassium-k — The latter of which is commonly found in sports supplements — were both found to cause DNA damage.

Hazards of Sucralose

Previous studies have also revealed an extensive list of safety concerns for sucralose (a synthetic organochlorine sweetener), some of which are very similar to those found in the featured study, including:7

Genotoxicity (DNA damage) and potentially adverse epigenetic effects

The generation of toxic compounds (chloropropanols) when heated

Destruction of gut bacteria;8 one study9 found it can kill as much as 50% of your microbiome, and appears to target beneficial microorganisms

Alterations in glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 levels and responses,10 which raises the risk for diabetes

Decreased red blood cells, a sign of anemia, at levels above 1,500 mg per kilo per day

Increased male infertility by interfering with sperm production and vitality, as well as brain lesions at higher doses

Kidney enlargement and calcification

Significantly increased risk for miscarriage (in rabbits, spontaneous abortions affected nearly half the rabbit population given sucralose, compared to zero aborted pregnancies in the control group)

Significantly increased death rate (a 23% death rate in rabbits, compared to a 6% in the control group)

Bioaccumulation11

Potential drug interactions12

Artificial Sweeteners Linked to Diabetes and CVD

Other recent research13,14 adds to the ever-growing evidence pile showing that artificial sweeteners raise your risk of obesity and Type 2 diabetes to the same or greater degree as sugar. The study in question explored how different sweeteners — including glucose, fructose, aspartame and acesulfame potassium-k — affect energy usage, energy storage and vascular functioning.

According to the authors, both high amounts of sugar and artificial sweeteners caused vascular impairment and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) effects “that may be important during the onset and progression of diabetes and obesity.” The artificial sweeteners, however, accumulated in the blood, thereby harming the blood vessel lining to a greater degree.

Of the two artificial sweeteners included in this study, acesulfame potassium appeared to be the worst. As noted by lead author Brian Hoffmann, Ph.D., assistant professor in the department of biomedical engineering at the Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin:15

“Sweeteners kind of trick the body. And then when your body’s not getting the energy it needs — because it does need some sugar to function properly — it potentially finds that source elsewhere,” Hoffman says.16

One alternative sugar source is muscle and, indeed, evidence of protein break down was found in the animals’ blood. Essentially, the rats were burning muscle as a source of energy when given artificial sweeteners. Hoffman also notes that this research is different from previous attempts to conclusively tie artificial sweeteners to health problems:

“Most of these sweeteners were approved well before we had the technology to perform studies like my lab is doing. So they weren’t able to look as in-depth at some of the potential effects being caused.

By knowing what biochemical changes these are causing through these large-scale studies, we can take an unbiased approach and see what’s changing to give us a better direction. What I like to tell people is that most things in moderation are going to be fine …

It’s when people start to chronically consume these [drinks] — say, a person drinks two, three, four … every day — that we should start to be concerned. Because you’re starting to introduce these biochemical changes and the body has no time to recover.”

Artificial Sweeteners Associated With Many Health Problems

Research published over the last three decades has also convincingly shown that artificial sweeteners stimulate appetite, increase cravings for carbs, and produce a variety of metabolic dysfunctions that promote fat storage and weight gain.

As early as 1986, a study17 that examined nearly 78,700 women for one year found women who used artificial sweeteners were significantly more likely to gain weight compared to those who did not use them, regardless of their initial weight.

According to the researchers, the results “were not explicable by differences in food consumption patterns. The data do not support the hypothesis that long-term artificial sweetener use either helps weight loss or prevents weight gain.”

Similarly, the 25-yearslong San Antonio Heart Study,18 published in 2005, found those who drank diet soda were significantly more likely to gain weight compared to those who drank regular soda. On average, for each diet soft drink the participants drank per day, they were 65% more likely to become overweight during the next seven to eight years, and 41% more likely to become obese.

In 2010, an important scientific review19 was published in the Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. It summarized the epidemiological and experimental evidence available on artificial sweeteners’ effects on weight, and explained those effects in light of the neurobiology of food reward.

More than 11,650 children aged 9 to 14 were included in this study. Each daily serving of diet beverage was associated with a BMI increase of 0.16 kg/m2. It also showed the correlation between increased usage of artificial sweeteners in food and drinks, and the corresponding rise in obesity. According to the authors:

“[F]indings suggest that the calorie contained in natural sweeteners may trigger a response to keep the overall energy consumption constant … Increasing evidence suggests that artificial sweeteners do not activate the food reward pathways in the same fashion as natural sweeteners … [A]rtificial sweeteners, precisely because they are sweet, encourage sugar craving and sugar dependence.”

Three years later, a report20 published in the journal Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism highlighted the fact that diet soda drinkers suffer the same exact health problems as those who opt for regular soda, including excessive weight gain, Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and stroke. The researchers proposed that frequent consumption of artificial sweeteners may induce metabolic derangements.

Your Body Is Not Fooled by Zero-Calorie Sweetness

Right around 2013, research started emerging detailing some of the reasons for why zero calorie sweeteners can make you gain weight. A study in the Journal of Physiology21,22 showed that when you eat something sweet, your brain releases dopamine, which activates your brain’s reward center.

The appetite-regulating hormone leptin is also released, which eventually informs your brain that you are “full” once a certain amount of calories has been ingested. When you consume something that tastes sweet but doesn’t contain any calories, your brain’s pleasure pathway still gets activated by the sweet taste, but there’s nothing to deactivate it, since the calories never arrive.

Artificial sweeteners basically trick your body into thinking that it’s going to receive calories, but when the calories fail to arrive, your body continues to signal that it needs more, which results in carb cravings.

The following year, 2014, another important study23 was published in the journal Nature. It was, for the first time, able to clearly show causality, revealing there’s a direct cause and effect relationship between consuming artificial sweeteners and developing elevated blood sugar levels.

People who consumed high amounts of artificial sweeteners were found to have higher levels of HbA1C — a long-term measure of blood sugar — compared to nonusers or occasional users of artificial sweeteners.

Seven volunteers who did not use artificial sweeteners were then recruited, and asked to consume the equivalent of 10 to 12 single-dose packets of artificial sweeteners daily for one week. Four of the seven people developed “significant disturbances in their blood glucose,” according to the researchers.

Some became prediabetic within just a few days! The reason for this dramatic shift was traced back to alterations in gut bacteria. Some bacteria were killed off, while others started proliferating. Which brings us back full circle to the featured study in the journal Molecules, which showed that all artificial sweeteners currently on the U.S. market have the ability to impair and/or kill gut bacteria.

Considering what we now know about the gut microbiome and its influence on health and disease, it’s becoming easier to see how and why artificial sweeteners are able to wreak havoc on your health.

To Improve Your Health, Ditch the Artificial Sweeteners

If you’re overweight and/or have insulin resistance or Type 2 diabetes, it’s really important to understand that artificial sweeteners are not going to help matters. They’re probably only going to make it worse.

If you have to choose between two evils, regularly-sweetened beverages are likely less hazardous in the long run, since your body at least knows how to metabolize fructose, even if it is processed.

That said, I firmly believe ditching soda and other sweetened beverages is one of the most important steps you can take to improve your weight and health. Remember, pure water is a zero-calorie drink. You cannot find a beverage that contains fewer calories.

If you want some flavor, just squeeze a little bit of fresh lemon or lime into mineral water. In instances where your cooking, baking or beverage needs a little sweetener, be mindful of your choice. For more information, see “Sugar Substitutes — What’s Safe and What’s Not.”

Approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1981, aspartame can now be found in close to 5,000 food and beverage products. Worldwide, 3,000 to 5,000 metric tons of aspartame are produced annually, and it’s widely consumed by adults, including pregnant women, and children.1

When you consume aspartame, it’s broken down into aspartic acid, phenylalanine — a precursor of monoamine neurotransmitters — and methanol, which may have “potent” effects on your central nervous system,2 Florida State University (FSU) College of Medicine researchers noted.

Their study, published in PNAS,3 raises more red flags about this synthetic sweetener. It not only linked aspartame to anxiety but suggests the mental health changes may be passed on to future generations.

Aspartame Induced Anxiety for Generations

The FDA’s recommended maximum daily intake value for aspartame is 50 milligrams per kilogram. The FSU study involved mice drinking water that contained aspartame at a dosage of approximately 15% of the FDA’s maximum daily intake for humans. The dose was equivalent to a human drinking six to eight 8-ounce cans of diet soda daily.4

The mice consumed the aspartame-laced water for 12 weeks, which led to “robust, dose-dependent anxiety.”5 “It was such a robust anxiety-like trait that I don’t think any of us were anticipating we would see,” study author Sara Jones said. “It was completely unexpected. Usually you see subtle changes.”6

The anxiety-like behaviors were evidenced during maze tests, and they persisted across multiple generations — passed down from male mice exposed to aspartame. When the mice were treated with the human anxiety drug diazepam, the anxiety-like behaviors disappeared. According to the study:7

“The anxiety was alleviated by a single administration of diazepam, a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA-A receptor, consistent with the key role of GABA-A receptors in the regulation of anxiety. RNA sequencing demonstrated significant changes in expression of genes associated with glutamatergic and GABA receptor signaling in the amygdala, a brain region associated with regulation of anxiety.

Perhaps even more strikingly, the anxiety phenotype, its response to diazepam, and changes in amygdala gene expression were transmitted from the aspartame-exposed male founders to their descendants.”

Aspartame Disrupts Gene Expression in the Brain

The study shows that exposure to aspartame disrupts gene expression in the amygdala brain region, which plays a role in the regulation of anxiety and fear responses.8 The disruptions persisted for at least two generations.

“What this study is showing is we need to look back at the environmental factors, because what we see today is not only what’s happening today, but what happened two generations ago and maybe even longer,” study co-author Pradeep Bhide, with FSU’s department of biomedical sciences, explained.9

Aspartame’s effects on the brain have been questioned for years. In 2018, researchers with Universiti Sains Malaysia found a connection between neurophysiological symptoms and aspartame, which can elevate levels of phenylalanine and aspartic acid in the brain.10

Elevated levels of these compounds may inhibit the release and synthesis of a number of regulators of neurophysiological activity, including neurotransmitters, dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. The researchers explained:11

“Aspartame acts as a chemical stressor by elevating plasma cortisol levels and causing the production of excess free radicals. High cortisol levels and excess free radicals may increase the brains vulnerability to oxidative stress which may have adverse effects on neurobehavioral health.

… We reviewed studies linking neurophysiological symptoms to aspartame usage and conclude that aspartame may be responsible for adverse neurobehavioral health outcomes. Aspartame consumption needs to be approached with caution due to the possible effects on neurobehavioral health.”

Neurophysiological symptoms that may be linked to aspartame consumption include:12

Learning problems
Headache
Seizure

Migraines
Irritable mood
Anxiety

Depression
Insomnia

Aspartic acid, which aspartame is broken down into, is also thought to act as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Researchers have proposed since at least 2008 that consuming too much aspartame may cause certain mental disorders and result in “compromised learning and emotional functioning.”13

Caution may be especially warranted during pregnancy. In a study on newborn rats, those that consumed aspartame — via their lactating mothers that had been fed aspartame — experienced problems with development (weight loss) and behavioral changes suggestive of anxiety.14

Industry Spreads Myth That Artificial Sweeteners Are Safe

If you listen to industry front group the International Sweeteners Association, you’ll come away believing artificial sweeteners are not only safe but beneficial for weight management, diabetes and oral health.15 Even health officials and government groups have adopted the rhetoric that swapping sugar for artificial sweeteners is a good thing. As The Guardian reported:16

“Public health organizations around the world have largely accepted the sweetener industry’s claims, particularly when it comes to managing diabetes. One article on the NHS website quotes a dietitian who describes sweeteners as “a really useful alternative for people with diabetes who need to watch their blood sugar levels while still enjoying their favorite foods.””

Yet, a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by the World Health Organization revealed, “there is no clear consensus on whether non-sugar sweeteners are effective for long-term weight loss or maintenance, or if they are linked to other long-term health effects at intakes within the ADI.”17

In fact, their study found, “There is suggestion of negative health effects with long-term use …”18 Cohort/case-control studies included in WHO’s systematic review revealed a range of concerning effects with artificial sweetener consumption, including increased:19

Obesity and body mass index
Type 2 diabetes

High fasting glucose
All-cause mortality

Cardiovascular disease mortality
Cardiovascular events

Stroke
High blood pressure

Bladder cancer
Premature birth

“In a startling turnaround,” The Guardian noted, “the WHO’s draft guidance stated that non-sugar sweeteners should ‘not be used as a means of achieving weight control or reducing risk of non-communicable diseases’ such as diabetes or heart disease. Suddenly, the whole rationale for sweeteners as a ‘healthy’ alternative looked much shakier.”20

Meanwhile, industry group The Calorie Control Council, whose members include Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Cargill, said it was “disappointed” in WHO’s findings and continued to insist that artificial sweeteners are useful for managing body weight and blood sugar levels.21

Heart Disease, Stroke Among the Risks

Along with risks to brain health, consuming aspartame (Equal), acesulfame potassium and sucralose (Splenda) puts your heart health at risk as well. In a nine-year study involving 103,388 people, researchers linked the products to cardiovascular disease and stroke.22

Researchers from France studied the detailed dietary records of adults with an average age of 42.23 Specifically, three non-consecutive days (two weekdays and one weekend day) of 24-hour dietary records were assigned at the study’s start and again every six months thereafter. Participants detailed all foods and beverages they consumed during that time, including quantities, brand names and even photographs to validate the recordings.24

The dietary records were further validated using blood and urinary biomarkers. Then, the researchers looked for any associations with cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, which refers to disorders that affect blood flow in the brain, such as stroke, aneurysms and vascular malformations.

Total artificial sweetener intake was associated with increased risk of overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular disease, the study found. Among the specific artificial sweeteners, aspartame was associated with an increased risk of stroke (defined in the study as cerebrovascular events), while acesulfame potassium and sucralose were associated with increased coronary heart disease risk.25

“Our results suggest no benefit from substituting artificial sweeteners for added sugar on CVD outcomes,” the study found.26 “The findings from this large-scale prospective cohort study suggest a potential direct association between higher artificial sweetener consumption (especially aspartame, acesulfame potassium, and sucralose) and increased cardiovascular disease risk.”27

Liver Damage, Disturbances to Gut Microbes and More

It’s time to reexamine the widely parroted myth that artificial sweeteners can be part of a “healthy” diet. Their consumption can cause disturbances throughout your body. In research presented at the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2022 annual meeting it was revealed that artificial sweeteners — specifically acesulfame potassium and sucralose — may interfere with your liver’s delicate detoxification process.

The study found that acesulfame potassium and sucralose inhibited the activity of P-glycoprotein, a “defense protein” that’s important for protecting organisms against environmental toxins.28 For comparison, the toxin DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) has also been found to inhibit P-glycoprotein (PGP), which is one reason why researchers have stated, “Even in small amounts, these contaminants could interfere with the human body’s natural ability to defend itself.”29

Artificial sweeteners including saccharine, sucralose, aspartame and acesulfame potassium may also lead to shifts in gut microbiota similar to those caused by antibiotics.30 Artificial sweeteners have also been shown to induce glucose intolerance by altering gut microbiota.31 Disruption of gut microbiota, in turn, has been linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and artificial sweeteners may also have a role to play in this condition.32

Make the Choice to Avoid Artificial Sweeteners

Video Link

To protect your health, avoiding artificial sweeteners is important. In addition to diet beverages, they’re found in thousands of other ultraprocessed products, including flavored yogurts, desserts, snacks and tabletop sweeteners. Even ketchup, salad dressing and medications often contain them.

Once you’ve decided to eliminate artificial sweeteners from your diet, read labels of any processed foods you buy to be sure they’re not hidden inside. If you’re tempted by a sweet craving, try eating something sour, like water with lemon juice or fermented vegetables. Sour taste may help diminish your desire for sweets.

I also recommend learning to use the psychological acupressure technique called the Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT). When you feel a craving coming on, use EFT to release the unhealthy urge. It’s an excellent tool to overcome the emotional component of food cravings, helping you say goodbye to artificial sweeteners for good.