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Appendixes To The Companion Bible
This Is Appendix 4 From The Companion Bible. I.
ELOHIM occurs 2,700 times. Its first occurrence connects it with creation,
and gives it its essential meaning as the Creator. It
indicates His relation to mankind as His creatures (see
note on 2Chronicles
18:31,
where it stands in contrast with Jehovah as indicating covenant
relationship). ‘Elohim is God the Son, the living "Word"
with creature form to create (John 1:1.
Colossians 1:15-17.
Revelation 3:14);
and later, with human form to redeem (John 1:14).
"Begotten of His Father before all worlds; born of His
mother, in the world." In this creature form He appeared to
the Patriarchs, a form not temporally assumed. ‘Elohim
in indicated (as in the Authorized Version) by ordinary small type, "God".
See table below.
II. JEHOVAH. While Elohim is God as the Creator
of all things, Jehovah is the same God in covenant relation
to those whom He has created (compare
III. JAH is Jehovah in a special sense and
relation. Jehovah as having BECOME our Salvation (first occurrence
Exodus 15:2),
He Who IS, and WAS, and IS TO COME. It occurs 49 times (7x7. See
Appendix 10). Jah is indicated by type thus: Lord.
IV. EL is essentially the Almighty,
though the word is never so rendered (see below, "Shaddai").
EL is Elohim in all His strength and power. It is rendered "God"
as Elohim is, but El is God the Omnipotent. Elohim
is God the Creator putting His omnipotence into
operation. Eloah (see below) is God Who wills and orders all, and Who
is to be the one object of the worship of His people. El
is the God Who knows all (first occurrence Genesis 14:
V. ELOAH is Elohim, Who is to be worshipped. Eloah is God in connection with His Will rather than His power. The first occurrence associates this name with worship (Deuteronomy 32:15,17). Hence it is the title used whenever the contrast (latent or expressed) is with false gods or idols. Eloah is essentially "the living God" in contrast to inanimate idols.
VI. ELYON first occurs in Genesis 14:18 with El, and is rendered "the most high (God)". It is El and Elohim, not as the powerful Creator, but as "the possessor of heaven and earth." Hence the name is associated with Christ as the Son of "the Highest" (Luke 1:35).
VII. SHADDAI is in every instance
translated "Almighty", and is indicated by
small capital letters ("ALMIGHTY").
It is God (El), not as the source of strength, but of grace;
not as Creator, but as the Giver. Shaddai is the
All-bountiful. This title does not refer to His creative
power, but to His power to supply all the needs of His
people. Its first occurrence is in Genesis 17:1,
and is used to show Abraham that He Who called him out to walk alone
before Him could supply all his need. Even so it is the title used in 2Corinthians
6:18,
where we are called to "come out" in
separation from the world. It is always used in connection with El
(see above).
VIII. ADON is one of three titles (ADON,
ADONAI, and ADONIM), all generally rendered "Lord";
but each has its own peculiar usage and association. They all denote headship
in various aspects. They have to do with God as "over-lord."
(1) ADON is the Lord as Ruler in
the earth. We have indicated this in type by printing the preceding
article or pronouns in small capitals, not because either are to be emphasized, but to distinguish the word "Lord"
from Adonai, which is always so printed in the
Authorized Version. (2) ADONAI is Lord in His relation to
the earth; and as carrying out His purposes of blessing in the
earth. With this limitation it is almost equivalent to Jehovah.
Indeed, it was from an early date so used, by associating the vowel
points of the word Jehovah with Adon,
thus converting Adon into Adonai. A list
of 134 passages where this was deliberately done is preserved and
given in the Massorah (§§ 107-115). (See
Appendix 32) We have indicated these by printing the word like
Jehovah, putting an asterisk, thus: L (3) ADONIM is the plural of Adon, never used of man. Adonim carries with it all that Adon does, but in a greater and higher degree; and more especially as owner and proprietor. An Adon may rule others who do not belong to him. Hence (without the article) it is often used of men. But Adonim is the Lord Who rules His own. We have indicated it by type, thus: LORD.
IX. The TYPES used to indicate the above titles, in the text, are as follows: God = Elohim. X. THE COMBINATIONS are indicated as follows: Adonai Jehovah = Lord GOD. |
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