The Twelve Beatuses as sung by the Culdees during the daily Psalms at the canonical hours.
The twelve blessings or beatuses are a series of blessings that begin with the word “beatus”, which means “blessed” or “happy” in Latin. They are found in various sources of Christian literature, such as the Bible, the writings of the Church Fathers, and the liturgy. The most famous example of the twelve beatuses is the Beatitudes, which are part of the Sermon on the Mount delivered by Jesus Christ in Matthew 5:3-12. https://www.alt-keltische-kirche.de/en-gb/our-liturgy https://www.celticchristianchurch.org/ccc-liturgies
• The Celtic liturgy of the ancient church is a form of Christian liturgy and ritual that developed in Western Europe, especially in Ireland, Britain, and Gaul, from the 5th to the 12th century. It was one with the autonomous church of Ephesus who had been in constant schism with the Western popes. It also contains aspects of the Syriac-Greek rites of Jerusalem and Antioch, and it had some distinctive features, such as its monastic organization, its liturgical calendar, its artistic style, and its missionary activity. While the Celtic have maintained various levels of autonomy, the rites in the broader Western church was gradually replaced by the Roman rite under the influence of the Carolingian reform and the papal authority. https://godspacelight.com/2014/06/12/a-celtic-hospitality-litugy/ https://www.faithandworship.com/Celtic_Blessings_and_Prayers.htm
• The list of the twelve blessings used by the Order of the Culdee is found in a 9th-century Irish manuscript called Leabhar Breac (The Speckled Book), which contains a collection of religious texts and prayers in Irish and Latin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_Psalter According to this manuscript, the twelve blessings or beatuses are:
• Beatus qui timet Dominum (Blessed is he who fears the Lord) – Psalm 112:1
• Beatus vir qui non abiit in consilio impiorum (Blessed is the man who walks not in the counsel of the wicked) – Psalm 1:1
• Beati quorum remissae sunt iniquitates (Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven) – Psalm 32:1
• Beatus qui intelligit super egenum et pauperem (Blessed is he who considers the poor and needy) – Psalm 41:1
• Beati qui habitant in domo tua Domine (Blessed are they who dwell in your house O Lord) – Psalm 84:4
• Beatus populus cuius est Dominus Deus eius (Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord) – Psalm 144:15
• Beati mundo corde quoniam ipsi Deum videbunt (Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see God) – Matthew 5:8
• Beati pauperes spiritu quoniam ipsorum est regnum caelorum (Blessed are the poor in spirit for theirs is the kingdom of heaven) – Matthew 5:3
• Beati qui persecutionem patiuntur propter iustitiam quoniam ipsorum est regnum caelorum (Blessed are they who suffer persecution for justice’s sake for theirs is the kingdom of heaven) – Matthew 5:10
• Beati qui esuriunt et sitiunt iustitiam quoniam ipsi saturabuntur (Blessed are they who hunger and thirst for righteousness for they shall be satisfied) – Matthew 5:6
• Beati misericordes quia ipsi misericordiam consequentur (Blessed are the merciful for they shall obtain mercy) – Matthew 5:7
• Beati pacifici quoniam filii Dei vocabuntur (Blessed are the peacemakers for they shall be called children of God) – Matthew 5:9
Western Orthodox or Celtic Christianity refers to the branch of Christianity that developed in Western Europe, especially in Ireland, Britain, and Gaul, from the 5th to the 12th century. It was influenced by the Syriac-Greek rites of Jerusalem and Antioch, and it had some distinctive features, such as its monastic organization, its liturgical calendar, its artistic style, and its missionary activity. It was gradually replaced by the Roman rite under the influence of the Carolingian reform and the papal authority.https://orthodoxwiki.org/Western_Saints_before_the_AD_1054_Schismhttp://orthodoxchrist.info/category/western-pre-schism-texts/
• The twelve blessings or beatuses are a series of blessings that begin with the word “beatus”, which means “blessed” or “happy” in Latin. They are found in various sources of Christian literature, such as the Bible, the writings of the Church Fathers, and the liturgy. The most famous example of the twelve beatuses is the Beatitudes, which are part of the Sermon on the Mount delivered by Jesus Christ in Matthew 5:3-12.https://orthodoxwiki.org/Category:Pre-Schism_Western_Saints
• Another development of such liturgical blessings of Western Orthodox or Celtic Christianity is probably the Gallican rite, which was a form of Christian liturgy and ritual that developed in Gaul (now France) and other parts of Western Europe from the 5th to the 8th century. It was influenced by the Syriac-Greek rites of Jerusalem and Antioch, and it had some distinctive features, such as its use of antiphons, collects, prefaces, and tropes. It also included a series of blessings called benedictiones mensae or table blessings, which were recited before and after meals by the monks and clergy. These blessings often began with the word “beatus” and praised God for his gifts and providence. Some examples of these blessings are:
• Beatus qui nos adiuvat deus Israel (Blessed is he who helps us, the God of Israel) – before breakfast
• Beatus qui nos satiat de bonis suis (Blessed is he who satisfies us with his good things) – after breakfast
• Beatus qui nos creavit et redemit (Blessed is he who created us and redeemed us) – before dinner
• Beatus qui nos custodit et protegit (Blessed is he who guards us and protects us) – after dinner
• Beatus qui nos illuminat et sanctificat (Blessed is he who enlightens us and sanctifies us) – before supper
• Beatus qui nos benedicit et conservat (Blessed is he who blesses us and preserves us) – after supper
These blessings may have been influenced by or derived from some of the blessings in the Amidah prayers, which are a set of 19 blessings that are recited three times a day by Jews as part of their daily worship. The Amidah prayers were compiled by the Men of the Great Assembly, a group of Jewish sages who lived between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Amidah prayers are also known as the Shemoneh Esrei, which means “eighteen” in Hebrew, because originally there were only 18 blessings. The 19th blessing, which curses the heretics and slanderers, was added later by Rabbi Gamaliel II in the 1st century CE, in response to the rise of Christianity and other sects.
As another proof the Celtic or Gallican church lead the Franks or French, the Culdees held the highest claim and jurisdiction over the resultant Templar. Till 1949 there was ever a continual Culdees successor struggle for jurisdiction of the Primate of Armagh over all churches originally established by the Culdees across Europe.
In the rule for the Culdees of Tallaght, drawn up by St Maelruan, who died in 792, mentions the twelve betuses in connection with the psalms. According to the rule, the Culdees were to recite the entire Psalter every day, divided into seven parts. Each part was to be preceded by a prayer and followed by a betus. The order of the betuses was as follows:
• The first betus: after Psalm 25
• The second betus: after Psalm 38
• The third betus: after Psalm 52
• The fourth betus: after Psalm 67
• The fifth betus: after Psalm 87
• The sixth betus: after Psalm 102
• The seventh betus: after Psalm 118
The remaining five betuses were to be said at other times, such as at Mass, at Vespers, at Compline, at Matins, and at Prime. https://celticsaints.org/2021/0707a.html
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